How do drivers overtake pedestrians? Evidence from field test and naturalistic driving data
Journal article, 2020
The influence of three factors on the safety metrics was investigated: 1) walking direction (same as the overtaking vehicle or opposite), 2) walking position (on the edge of the vehicle lane or 0.5 m away from the edge on the paved shoulder), and 3) oncoming traffic (absent or present). Seventy-seven overtaking maneuvers in France from the naturalistic driving study UDRIVE and 297 maneuvers in Sweden from field tests were analyzed. Bayesian regression was used to model how minimum lateral clearance and overtaking speed depended on the three factors. Results showed that drivers maintained smaller minimum lateral clearance and lower overtaking speed when the pedestrian was walking in the opposite direction, on the lane edge, or when oncoming traffic was present. Minimum lateral clearance and time-to-collision were only weakly correlated with overtaking speed. The regression models predicted distributions similar to those actually observed in the data. The time-to-collision at the moment of steering away was comparable in value to the time-to-collision used by Euro NCAP for testing active safety systems in car-to-pedestrian longitudinal scenarios since 2018.
This study is the first to analyze driver behavior when overtaking pedestrians, based on field test and naturalistic driving data. Results suggest that pedestrian safety is particularly endangered in situations when the pedestrian is walking opposite to traffic, close to the lane, and when oncoming traffic is present. The Bayesian regression models from this study can be used in active safety systems to model drivers’ comfort in overtaking maneuvers.
Comfort zone
Pedestrian safety
Bayesian regression modeling
Euro NCAP
Overtaking
Driver behavior
Author
Alexander Rasch
Chalmers, Mechanics and Maritime Sciences (M2), Vehicle Safety
Gabriele Panero
Chalmers, Mechanics and Maritime Sciences (M2), Vehicle Safety
Christian-Nils Åkerberg Boda
Chalmers, Mechanics and Maritime Sciences (M2), Vehicle Safety
Marco Dozza
Chalmers, Mechanics and Maritime Sciences (M2), Vehicle Safety
Accident Analysis and Prevention
0001-4575 (ISSN)
Vol. 139 105494DIV - Driver Interaction with Vulnerable Road Users
Autoliv AB, 2015-09-01 -- 2020-08-31.
Toyota Motor Europe, 2015-09-01 -- 2020-08-31.
Areas of Advance
Transport
Subject Categories
Transport Systems and Logistics
Psychology
Infrastructure Engineering
Vehicle Engineering
Signal Processing
DOI
10.1016/j.aap.2020.105494