Optimisation of Trailing Edge Flaps on the Base Cavity of a Vehicle for Improved Performance at Yaw
Journal article, 2022

Regulations to reduce greenhouse gas emissions of passenger vehicles are becoming increasingly stringent. The aerodynamic drag is a major contributor to the vehicle's total energy consumption where a large portion is attributed to the base wake. This paper optimises the angles of small trailing edge flaps on a base cavity of a full-scale sports utility vehicle placed in a wind tunnel. The trailing edge flaps are controlled using servos mounted inside the cavity. The flap angles are optimised using a surrogate model based optimisation algorithm with the objective of reducing the aerodynamic drag at different yaw angles and to create a yaw-insensitive geometry by considering several weighted yaw angles to form the driving cycle averaged drag. Low drag designs are further investigated using base pressures and wake measurements. The results show that the base pressures are symmetrised by reducing the crossflow in the wake. As the model is yawed the wake becomes increasingly downwash dominated by a large rotating windward structure which is reduced by the optimised flaps. The cycle averaged drag optimised design has a smaller increase in drag when yawed compared to a design optimised without considering yaw.

Optimization

Drag

Wake

Crossflow

Yaw

Cavity

Aerodynamics

Flaps

Author

Magnus Urquhart

Chalmers, Mechanics and Maritime Sciences (M2), Vehicle Engineering and Autonomous Systems

Simone Sebben

Chalmers, Mechanics and Maritime Sciences (M2), Vehicle Engineering and Autonomous Systems

Flow, Turbulence and Combustion

1386-6184 (ISSN) 1573-1987 (eISSN)

Vol. 109 2 309-326

Subject Categories

Aerospace Engineering

Vehicle Engineering

DOI

10.1007/s10494-022-00323-z

More information

Latest update

9/28/2022