Enhanced performance in fusion plasmas through turbulence suppression by megaelectronvolt ions
Journal article, 2022

Alpha particles with energies on the order of megaelectronvolts will be the main source of plasma heating in future magnetic confinement fusion reactors. Instead of heating fuel ions, most of the energy of alpha particles is transferred to electrons in the plasma. Furthermore, alpha particles can also excite Alfvénic instabilities, which were previously considered to be detrimental to the performance of the fusion device. Here we report improved thermal ion confinement in the presence of megaelectronvolts ions and strong fast ion-driven Alfvénic instabilities in recent experiments on the Joint European Torus. Detailed transport analysis of these experiments reveals turbulence suppression through a complex multi-scale mechanism that generates large-scale zonal flows. This holds promise for more economical operation of fusion reactors with dominant alpha particle heating and ultimately cheaper fusion electricity.

Author

J. Garcia

The French Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission (CEA)

Ye. O. Kazakov

Royal Military Academy

J. Ongena

Royal Military Academy

G. Szepesi

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

J. Eriksson

Uppsala University

Sadruddin Benkadda

Aix Marseille University

N. Abid

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

K. Abraham

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

P. Abreu

Instituto Superior Tecnico

O. Adabonyan

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

P. Adrich

National Centre for Nuclear Research

M. Afzal

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

T. Ahlgren

University of Helsinki

L. Aho-Mantila

Technical Research Centre of Finland (VTT)

N. Aiba

National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology

M. Airila

Technical Research Centre of Finland (VTT)

M. Akhtar

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

R. Albanese

Consorzio CREATE

M. Alderson-Martin

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

D. Alegre

Laboratorio Nacional de Fusion

S. Aleiferis

National Center for Scientific Research “Demokritos”

A. Aleksa

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

E. Alessi

Consiglo Nazionale Delle Richerche

P B Aleynikov

ITER Organization

J. Algualcil

Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia

M. Ali

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

M. Allinson

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

B Alper

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

E. Alves

Instituto Superior Tecnico

G. Ambrosino

Consorzio CREATE

R. Ambrosino

Consorzio CREATE

E. Andersson Sundén

Uppsala University

P. Andrew

ITER Organization

B. Angelini

ENEA

C. Angioni

Max Planck Society

I. Antoniou

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

L. Appel

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

C. Appelbee

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

S. Aria

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

M. Ariola

Consorzio CREATE

G. Artaserse

ENEA

W. Arter

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

V. Artigues

Max Planck Society

N. Asakura

National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology

A. Ash

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

N. Ashikawa

National Institutes of Natural Sciences

V. Aslanyan

Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)

M. Astrain

Technical University of Madrid

O. Asztalos

Centre for Energy Research

D. Auld

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

F. Auriemma

Consorzio Rfx

Y. Austin

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

L. Avotina

University of Latvia

E. Aymerich

University of Cagliari

A. Baciero

Laboratorio Nacional de Fusion

F. Bairaktaris

National Technical University of Athens (NTUA)

J. Balbin

The French Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission (CEA)

L. Balbinot

Consorzio Rfx

I. Balboa

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

M. Balden

Max Planck Society

C. Balshaw

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

N. Balshaw

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

V. Bandaru

Max Planck Society

J.W. Banks

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

Y.F. Baranov

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

C. Barcellona

University of Catania

A. Barnard

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

M.A. Barnard

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

R. Barnsley

ITER Organization

A. Barth

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

M. Baruzzo

ENEA

S. Barwell

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

M. Bassan

ITER Organization

A. Batista

Instituto Superior Tecnico

P. Batistoni

ENEA

L. Baumane

University of Latvia

B. Bauvir

ITER Organization

L. Baylor

Oak Ridge National Laboratory

P.S. Beaumont

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

D. Beckett

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

A. Begolli

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

M. Beidler

Oak Ridge National Laboratory

N. Bekris

Culham Science Centre

M. Beldishevski

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

E Belli

General Atomics

F. Belli

ENEA

Belonohy

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

M. Ben Yaala

University of Basel

J. Benayas

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

J. Bentley

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

H. Bergsåker

Royal Institute of Technology (KTH)

J. Bernardo

Instituto Superior Tecnico

M. Bernert

Max Planck Society

M. Berry

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

L. Bertalot

ITER Organization

H. Betar

University of Lorraine

M. N. A. Beurskens

Max Planck Society

S. Bickerton

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

B. Bieg

Maritime University of Szczecin

J. Bielecki

Polish Academy of Sciences

Andreas Bierwage

National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology

T. Biewer

Oak Ridge National Laboratory

R. Bilato

Max Planck Society

P. Bílková

Czech Academy of Sciences

G. Birkenmeier

Max Planck Society

H. Bishop

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

J. P. S. Bizarro

Instituto Superior Tecnico

J. Blackburn

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

P. Blanchard

Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne (EPFL)

P. Blatchford

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

V. Bobkov

Max Planck Society

A. Boboc

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

P. Bohm

Czech Academy of Sciences

T. Bohm

University of Wisconsin Madison

I. Bolshakova

Lviv Polytechnic National University

T. Bolzonella

Consorzio Rfx

N. Bonanomi

Max Planck Society

D. Bonfiglio

Consorzio Rfx

X. Bonnin

ITER Organization

P. Bonofiglo

Princeton University

S. Boocock

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

A. Booth

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

J. Booth

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

D.N. Borba

Instituto Superior Tecnico

D. Borodin

Forschungszentrum Jülich

I. Borodkina

Czech Academy of Sciences

C. Boulbe

CNRS

C Bourdelle

The French Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission (CEA)

M. Bowden

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

K. Boyd

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

I. Božičević Mihalić

Ruder Boskovic Institute

S.C. Bradnam

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

V. Braic

National Institute for Optoelectronics

L. Brandt

Royal Institute of Technology (KTH)

R. Bravanec

Fourth State Research

B. N. Breizman

The University of Texas at Austin

A. Brett

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

S. Brezinsek

Forschungszentrum Jülich

Brix, M

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

K. Bromley

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

B. A. Brown

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

D. Brunetti

Consiglo Nazionale Delle Richerche

R. Buckingham

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

M. Buckley

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

R. Budny

J. Buermans

Royal Military Academy

H. Bufferand

The French Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission (CEA)

P. Buratti

ENEA

A. Burgess

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

A. Buscarino

University of Catania

A. Busse

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

D. Butcher

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

E. De La Cal

Laboratorio Nacional de Fusion

G. Calabrò

Tuscia University

L. Calacci

University of Rome Tor Vergata

R. Calado

Instituto Superior Tecnico

Y. Camenen

Aix Marseille University

G. Canal

University of Sao Paulo (USP)

B. Cannas

University of Cagliari

M. Cappelli

ENEA

S. Carcangiu

University of Cagliari

P. Card

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

A. Cardinali

ENEA

P. Carman

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

D. Carnevale

University of Rome Tor Vergata

M. Carr

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

D. Carralero

Laboratorio Nacional de Fusion

L. Carraro

Consorzio Rfx

I. Carvalho

Instituto Superior Tecnico

P. Carvalho

Instituto Superior Tecnico

I. Casiraghi

University of Milano-Bicocca

FJ Casson

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

C. Castaldo

ENEA

J.P. Catalan

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

N. Catarino

Instituto Superior Tecnico

F. Causa

Consiglo Nazionale Delle Richerche

M. Cavedon

Max Planck Society

M. Cecconello

Uppsala University

C. Challis

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

B. Chamberlain

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

C.S. Chang

Princeton University

A. V. Chankin

Max Planck Society

B. Chapman

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

M. Chernyshova

Instytut Problemow Jadrowyc

A. Chiariello

Consorzio CREATE

P. Chmielewski

Instytut Problemow Jadrowyc

A. Chomiczewska

Instytut Problemow Jadrowyc

L. Chone

Aalto University

G. Ciraolo

The French Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission (CEA)

D. Ciric

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

J. Citrin

Dutch Institute for Fundamental Energy Research (DIFFER)

Ł. Ciupinski

Warsaw University of Technology

M. Clark

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

R. Clarkson

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

C. Clements

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

M. Cleverly

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

J.P. Coad

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

P. Coates

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

A. Cobalt

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

V. Coccorese

Consorzio CREATE

R. Coelho

Instituto Superior Tecnico

J.W. Coenen

Forschungszentrum Jülich

I. Coffey

Queen's University Belfast

A. Colangeli

ENEA

L. Colas

The French Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission (CEA)

C. Collins

Oak Ridge National Laboratory

J. Collins

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

S. Collins

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

D. Conka

University of Latvia

S. Conroy

University of Latvia

B. Conway

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

N.J. Conway

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

D. Coombs

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

P. Cooper

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

S.R. Cooper

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

C. Corradino

University of Catania

G. Corrigan

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

D. Coster

Max Planck Society

P. Cox

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

T. Craciunescu

National Institute for Laser, Plasma and Radiation Physics

S. Cramp

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

C. Crapper

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

D. Craven

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

R. Craven

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

M. Crialesi Esposito

Royal Institute of Technology (KTH)

G. Croci

University of Milano-Bicocca

D. Croft

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

A. Croitoru

National Institute for Laser, Plasma and Radiation Physics

K. Crombe

Royal Military Academy

T. Cronin

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

N. Cruz

Instituto Superior Tecnico

C. Crystal

General Atomics

G. Cseh

Centre for Energy Research

A. Cufar

Jozef Stefan Institute

A. Cullen

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

M. Curuia

National Institute for Cryogenics and Isotopic Technology

T. Czarski

Instytut Problemow Jadrowyc

H. Dabirikhah

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

A. Dal Molin

University of Milano-Bicocca

E. Dale

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

P. Dalgliesh

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

S. Dalley

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

J. Dankowski

Polish Academy of Sciences

P. David

Max Planck Society

A. Davies

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

S. Davies

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

G. Davis

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

K. Dawson

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

S. Dawson

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

I. Day

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

M. De Bock

ITER Organization

G. De Temmerman

ITER Organization

G. De Tommasi

Consorzio CREATE

K. Deakin

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

J. Deane

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

R. Dejarnac

Czech Academy of Sciences

D. Del Sarto

University of Lorraine

E. Delabie

Oak Ridge National Laboratory

Diego del-Castillo-Negrete

Oak Ridge National Laboratory

A. Dempsey

Dublin City University

R.O. Dendy

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

P. Devynck

The French Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission (CEA)

A. Di Siena

Max Planck Society

C. Di Troia

ENEA

T. Dickson

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

P. Dinca

National Institute for Laser, Plasma and Radiation Physics

T. Dittmar

Forschungszentrum Jülich

J. Dobrashian

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

R.P. Doerner

University of California

A.J.H. Donné

EUROfusion Programme Management Unit

S.E. Dorling

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

S. Dormido-Canto

Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia

D. Douai

The French Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission (CEA)

S. Dowson

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

R. Doyle

Dublin City University

P. Drewelow

Max Planck Society

P. Drews

Forschungszentrum Jülich

G. Drummond

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

Ph. Duckworth

ITER Organization

H. Dudding

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

M. Dreval

National Science Center

M. Dreval

National Science Center

R. J. Dumont

The French Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission (CEA)

P Dumortier

Royal Military Academy

Dániel Dunai

Centre for Energy Research

T. Dunatov

Ruder Boskovic Institute

M. Dunne

Max Planck Society

I. Durán

Czech Academy of Sciences

F Durodie

Royal Military Academy

R. Dux

Max Planck Society

A. Dvornova

The French Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission (CEA)

R. Eastham

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

J. Edwards

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

T. Eich

Max Planck Society

A. Eichorn

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

N. W. Eidietis

General Atomics

A. Eksaeva

Forschungszentrum Jülich

H. El Haroun

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

G. Ellwood

ITER Organization

C. Elsmore

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

Ola Embréus

Chalmers, Physics, Subatomic, High Energy and Plasma Physics

S. Emery

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

G. Ericsson

Uppsala University

B. Eriksson

Uppsala University

J. Eriksson

Uppsala University

L.G. Eriksson

European Commission (EC)

S. Ertmer

Forschungszentrum Jülich

S. Esquembri

Technical University of Madrid

A.L. Esquisabel

University of Tennessee

T. Estrada

Laboratorio Nacional de Fusion

G.E. Evans

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

S. Evans

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

E. Fable

Max Planck Society

D. Fagan

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

M. Faitsch

Max Planck Society

M. Falessi

ENEA

A. Fanni

University of Cagliari

A. Farahani

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

I. Farquhar

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

A. Fasoli

Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne (EPFL)

B. Faugeras

CNRS

S. Fazinic

Ruder Boskovic Institute

F Felici

Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne (EPFL)

R.C. Felton

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

A. Fernandes

Instituto Superior Tecnico

H. Fernandes

Instituto Superior Tecnico

J. Ferrand

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

D.R. Ferreira

Instituto Superior Tecnico

J. Ferreira

Instituto Superior Tecnico

G. Ferrò

University of Rome Tor Vergata

J.A. Fessey

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

O. Ficker

Czech Academy of Sciences

A.R. Field

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

A.C.A. Figueiredo

Instituto Superior Tecnico

J. Figueiredo

Instituto Superior Tecnico

A. Fil

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

N. Fil

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

P. Finburg

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

D. Fiorucci

Consorzio Rfx

U. Fischer

Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)

G.M. Fishpool

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

L. Fittill

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

M. Fitzgerald

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

D. Flammini

ENEA

J. Flanagan

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

K. Flinders

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

S. Foley

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

N. Fonnesu

ENEA

M. Fontana

ENEA

J.M. Fontdecaba

Laboratorio Nacional de Fusion

S. Forbes

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

A. Formisano

Consorzio CREATE

T. Fornal

Instytut Problemow Jadrowyc

L. Fortuna

University of Catania

E. Fortuna-Zalesna

Warsaw University of Technology

M. Fortune

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

C. Fowler

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

L. Frassinetti

Royal Institute of Technology (KTH)

M. Freisinger

Forschungszentrum Jülich

R. Fresa

Consorzio CREATE

R. Fridström

Royal Institute of Technology (KTH)

D. Frigione

University of Rome Tor Vergata

Tünde-Maria Fülöp

Chalmers, Physics, Subatomic, High Energy and Plasma Physics

M. Furseman

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

V. Fusco

ENEA

S. Futatani

Polytechnic University of Catalonia

D. Gadariya

Laboratorio Nacional de Fusion

Kinga Gál

EUROfusion Programme Management Unit

D. Galassi

Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne (EPFL)

K. Galazka

Instytut Problemow Jadrowyc

S. Galeani

University of Rome Tor Vergata

D. Gallart

Centro Nacional de Supercomputacion

R. Galvão

Consorzio Rfx

Y. Gao

Forschungszentrum Jülich

J. Garcia

The French Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission (CEA)

M. Garcia-Munoz

University of Seville

M. Gardener

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

Luca Garzotti

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

J. Gaspar

Aix Marseille University

R. Gatto

Sapienza University of Rome

P. Gaudio

University of Rome Tor Vergata

D. Gear

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

T. Gebhart

Oak Ridge National Laboratory

S. Gee

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

M. Gelfusa

University of Rome Tor Vergata

R. George

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

S. Gerasimov

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

G. Gervasini

Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia

M. Gethins

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

Z. Ghani

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

M. Gherendi

National Institute for Laser, Plasma and Radiation Physics

F. Ghezzi

Consiglo Nazionale Delle Richerche

J.C. Giacalone

The French Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission (CEA)

L. Giacomelli

Consiglo Nazionale Delle Richerche

G. Giacometti

Aix Marseille University

C.S. Gibson

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

K.J. Gibson

University of York

L. Gil

Instituto Superior Tecnico

E. Giovannozzi

ENEA

C Giroud

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

R. Glen

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

S. Glöggler

Max Planck Society

J. Goff

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

P. Gohil

General Atomics

V. Goloborodko

National Academy of Sciences in Ukraine

R. Gomes

Instituto Superior Tecnico

B. Goncalves

Instituto Superior Tecnico

M. Goniche

The French Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission (CEA)

A. Goodyear

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

S. Gore

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

G. Gorini

University of Milano-Bicocca

T. Görler

Max Planck Society

N. Gotts

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

R. Goulding

Princeton University

E. Gow

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

B. Graham

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

J.P. Graves

Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne (EPFL)

H. Greuner

Max Planck Society

B. Grierson

Princeton University

J. Griffiths

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

S. Griph

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

D. Grist

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

W. Gromelski

Instytut Problemow Jadrowyc

M. Groth

Aalto University

R. Grove

Oak Ridge National Laboratory

M. Gruca

Instytut Problemow Jadrowyc

D. Guard

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

N. Gupta

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

C. Gurl

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

A. Gusarov

Belgian Nuclear Research Center (SCK CEN)

L. Hackett

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

S. Hacquin

The French Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission (CEA)

R. Hager

Princeton University

L. Hagg

Uppsala University

A.H. Hakola

Technical Research Centre of Finland (VTT)

M. Halitovs

University of Latvia

S. Hall

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

S.A. Hall

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

S. Hallworth-Cook

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

C.J. Ham

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

D. Hamaguchi

National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology

M. Hamed

The French Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission (CEA)

C. Hamlyn-Harris

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

K. Hammond

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

E. Harford

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

J.R. Harrison

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

D.M. Harting

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

Y. Hatano

University of Toyama

D.R. Hatch

The University of Texas at Austin

T. Haupt

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

J. Hawes

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

N.C. Hawkes

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

J. Hawkins

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

T. Hayashi

National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology

S. Hazael

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

S. Hazel

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

P. Heesterman

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

B. Heidbrink

University of California at Irvine (UCI)

W. Helou

ITER Organization

O. Hemming

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

S.S. Henderson

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

R. Henriques

Instituto Superior Tecnico

D. Hepple

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

J. Herfindal

Oak Ridge National Laboratory

G. Hermon

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

J. Hill

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

J. Hillesheim

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

K. Hizanidis

National Technical University of Athens (NTUA)

A. Hjalmarsson

Uppsala University

A. Ho

Dutch Institute for Fundamental Energy Research (DIFFER)

J. Hobirk

Max Planck Society

Olivier Hoenen

ITER Organization

C.H.A. Hogben

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

A. Hollingsworth

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

S. Hollis

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

E M Hollmann

University of California

M. Hölzl

Max Planck Society

B. Homan

CNRS

M. Hook

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

D. Hopley

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

J. Horáček

Czech Academy of Sciences

D. Horsley

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

N. Horsten

Aalto University

A. Horton

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

L.D. Horton

Culham Science Centre

L. Horvath

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

S.P. Hotchin

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

R. Howell

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

Z. Hu

University of Milano-Bicocca

A. Huber

Forschungszentrum Jülich

V. Huber

Forschungszentrum Jülich

T.M. Huddleston

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

G. T. A. Huijsmans

ITER Organization

P. Huynh

The French Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission (CEA)

A.M. Hynes

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

D. Imrie

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

M. Imrišek

Czech Academy of Sciences

J. Ingleby

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

P. Innocente

Consorzio Rfx

Klara Insulander Björk

Chalmers, Physics, Subatomic, High Energy and Plasma Physics

N. Isernia

Consorzio CREATE

I. Ivanova-Stanik

Instytut Problemow Jadrowyc

E. Ivings

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

S. Jablonski

Instytut Problemow Jadrowyc

S. Jachmich

Royal Military Academy

T. Jackson

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

P. Jacquet

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

H. Jarleblad

Technical University of Denmark (DTU)

F. Jaulmes

Czech Academy of Sciences

J. Jenaro Rodriguez

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

I. Jepu

National Institute for Laser, Plasma and Radiation Physics

E. Joffrin

The French Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission (CEA)

R. Johnson

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

T. Johnson

Royal Institute of Technology (KTH)

J. Johnston

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

C. Jones

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

G. Jones

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

L. Jones

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

N. Jones

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

T. Jones

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

A. Joyce

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

R. Juarez

Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia

M. Juvonen

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

P. Kalnina

University of Latvia

T. Kaltiaisenaho

Technical Research Centre of Finland (VTT)

J. Kaniewski

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

A. Kantor

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

A. Kappatou

Max Planck Society

J. Karhunen

University of Helsinki

D. Karkinsky

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

M. Kaufman

Oak Ridge National Laboratory

G. Kaveney

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

Y. Kazakov

Royal Military Academy

V. Kazantzidis

National Technical University of Athens (NTUA)

D. Keeling

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

R. Kelly

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

M. Kempenaars

ITER Organization

C. Kennedy

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

D. Kennedy

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

J. Kent

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

K. Khan

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

C. Kiefer

Max Planck Society

J. Kilpeläinen

Aalto University

C. Kim

General Atomics

Hyun-Tae Kim

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

S.H. Kim

ITER Organization

D. King

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

R. King

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

D.J. Kinna

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

V.G. Kiptily

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

A. Kirjasuo

Technical Research Centre of Finland (VTT)

K. Kirov

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

A. Kirschner

Forschungszentrum Jülich

T. kiviniemi

Aalto University

G. Kizane

University of Latvia

M. Klas

Comenius University in Bratislava

C. Klepper

Oak Ridge National Laboratory

A. Klix

Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)

G. Kneale

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

M. Knight

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

P. Knight

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

R. Knights

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

S. Knipe

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

M. Knolker

General Atomics

S. Knott

University College Cork

M. Kocan

ITER Organization

F. Kochl

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

I. Kodeli

Jozef Stefan Institute

Y. Kolesnichenko

National Academy of Sciences in Ukraine

Y. Kominis

National Technical University of Athens (NTUA)

M. Kong

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

V. Korovin

National Science Center

B. Kos

Jozef Stefan Institute

D. Kos

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

H. R. Koslowski

Forschungszentrum Jülich

M. Kotschenreuther

The University of Texas at Austin

M. Koubiti

Aix Marseille University

E. Kowalska-Strzȩciwilk

Instytut Problemow Jadrowyc

K. Koziol

National Centre for Nuclear Research

V. Krasilnikov

ITER Organization

M. Kresina

The French Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission (CEA)

K. Krieger

Max Planck Society

N. Krishnan

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

A. Krivska

Royal Military Academy

U. Kruezi

ITER Organization

I. Ksiażek

University of Opole

A.B. Kukushkin

National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology

H. Kumpulainen

Aalto University

Taina Kurki-Suonio

Aalto University

H. Kurotaki

National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology

S. Kwak

Max Planck Society

O.J. Kwon

Daegu University

L. Laguardia

Consiglo Nazionale Delle Richerche

E. Lagzdina

University of Latvia

A. Lahtinen

University of Helsinki

A. Laing

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

N. Lam

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

H.T. Lambertz

Forschungszentrum Jülich

B. Lane

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

C. Lane

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

E. Lascas Neto

Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne (EPFL)

E. Łaszyńska

Instytut Problemow Jadrowyc

K.D. Lawson

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

A. Lazaros

National Technical University of Athens (NTUA)

E. Lazzaro

Consiglo Nazionale Delle Richerche

G. Learoyd

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

C. Lee

Seoul National University

S.E. Lee

University of Toyama

S. Leerink

Aalto University

T. Leeson

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

X. Lefebvre

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

H. Leggate

Dublin City University

J. Lehmann

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

M Lehnen

ITER Organization

D. Leichtle

Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)

F. Leipold

ITER Organization

I. Lengar

Jozef Stefan Institute

M. Lennholm

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

E. Leon Gutierrez

Laboratorio Nacional de Fusion

B. Lepiavko

National Academy of Sciences in Ukraine

J. Leppänen

Technical Research Centre of Finland (VTT)

E. Lerche

Royal Military Academy

A. Lescinskis

University of Latvia

J. Lewis

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

W. Leysen

Belgian Nuclear Research Center (SCK CEN)

Li Li

Forschungszentrum Jülich

Y. Li

Forschungszentrum Jülich

J. Likonen

Technical Research Centre of Finland (VTT)

Ch. Linsmeier

Forschungszentrum Jülich

B. Lipschultz

University of York

X. Litaudon

The French Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission (CEA)

E. Litherland-Smith

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

F. Liu

The French Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission (CEA)

T. Loarer

The French Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission (CEA)

A Loarte

ITER Organization

R.C. Lobel

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

B. Lomanowski

Oak Ridge National Laboratory

P.J. Lomas

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

J.M. López

Technical University of Madrid

R. Lorenzini

Consorzio Rfx

S. Loreti

ENEA

U. Losada

Laboratorio Nacional de Fusion

V.P. Loschiavo

Consorzio CREATE

M. Loughlin

ITER Organization

Z. Louka

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

J. Lovell

Oak Ridge National Laboratory

T. Lowe

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

C. Lowry

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

S. Lubbad

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

T. Luce

ITER Organization

R.M.A. Lucock

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

C. Luna

Arizona State University

E. De La Luna

Laboratorio Nacional de Fusion

M. Lungaroni

University of Rome Tor Vergata

C.P. Lungu

National Institute for Laser, Plasma and Radiation Physics

T. Lunt

Max Planck Society

V. Lutsenko

National Academy of Sciences in Ukraine

B. Lyons

General Atomics

A Lyssoivan

Royal Military Academy

M. Machielsen

Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne (EPFL)

E. Macusova

Czech Academy of Sciences

R. Mäenpää

Aalto University

C. Maggi

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

R. Maggiora

Polytechnic University of Turin

M. Magness

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

S. Mahesan

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

H. Maier

Royal Military Academy

J. Mailloux

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

R. Maingi

Princeton University

K. Malinowski

Instytut Problemow Jadrowyc

P. Manas

Aix Marseille University

P. Mantica

Consiglo Nazionale Delle Richerche

M. Mantsinen

Centro Nacional de Supercomputacion

J. Manyer

Centro Nacional de Supercomputacion

A. Manzanares

Complutense University

Ph. Maquet

ITER Organization

G. Marceca

Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne (EPFL)

C. Marchetto

Polytechnic University of Turin

O. Marchuk

Forschungszentrum Jülich

A. Mariani

Consiglo Nazionale Delle Richerche

G. Mariano

ENEA

M. Marin

Dutch Institute for Fundamental Energy Research (DIFFER)

M. Marinelli

University of Rome Tor Vergata

T. Markovič

Czech Academy of Sciences

D. Marocco

ENEA

L. Marot

University of Basel

S. Marsden

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

J. Marsh

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

R. Marshall

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

L. Martellucci

University of Rome Tor Vergata

A. Martin

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

A.J. Martin

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

R. Martone

Consorzio CREATE

S. Maruyama

ITER Organization

M. Maslov

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

Suguru Masuzaki

National Institutes of Natural Sciences

S. Matejcik

Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)

M. Mattei

Consorzio CREATE

G. Matthews

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

D. Matveev

Forschungszentrum Jülich

E. Matveeva

Czech Academy of Sciences

A. Mauriya

Instituto Superior Tecnico

F. Maviglia

Consorzio CREATE

M. Mayer

Royal Military Academy

M.L. Mayoral

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

C. Mazzotta

ENEA

R. McAdams

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

P. McCarthy

University College Cork

K. McClements

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

J. McClenaghan

General Atomics

P.A. McCullen

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

S. Mazzi

Aix Marseille University

S. Mazzi

Aix Marseille University

D.C. McDonald

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

D. McGuckin

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

D. McHugh

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

G. McIntyre

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

R. McKean

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

J. McKehon

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

B. McMillan

The University of Warwick

L. McNamee

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

A. McShee

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

A. Meakins

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

S. Medley

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

C.J. Meekes

Dutch Institute for Fundamental Energy Research (DIFFER)

K. Meghani

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

A.G. Meigs

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

G. Meisl

Max Planck Society

S. Meitner

Oak Ridge National Laboratory

S. Menmuir

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

K. Mergia

National Center for Scientific Research “Demokritos”

S. Merriman

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

Ph. Mertens

Forschungszentrum Jülich

A Messiaen

Royal Military Academy

R. Michling

ITER Organization

P. Middleton

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

D. Middleton-Gear

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

J. Mietelski

Polish Academy of Sciences

D. Milanesio

Polytechnic University of Turin

E. Milani

University of Rome Tor Vergata

F. Militello

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

A. Militello Asp

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

J. Milnes

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

A. Milocco

University of Milano-Bicocca

G. Miloshevsky

Purdue University

C. Minghao

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

S. Minucci

Tuscia University

I. Miron

National Institute for Laser, Plasma and Radiation Physics

M. Miyamoto

Shimane University

J. Mlynar

Czech Academy of Sciences

V. Moiseenko

National Science Center

P. Monaghan

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

I. Monakhov

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

T. Moody

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

S. Moon

Royal Institute of Technology (KTH)

R. Mooney

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

Sara Moradi

Royal Military Academy

J. Morales

The French Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission (CEA)

R.B. Morales

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

S. Mordijck

College of William and Mary

L. Moreira

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

L. Morgan

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

F. Moro

ENEA

J. Morris

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

K.-M. Morrison

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

L. Moser

ITER Organization

D. Moulton

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

T. Mrowetz

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

T. Mundy

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

M. Muraglia

Aix Marseille University

A. Murari

Consorzio Rfx

A. Muraro

Consiglo Nazionale Delle Richerche

N. Muthusonai

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

B. N’Konga

CNRS

Yong Su Na

Seoul National University

F. Nabais

Instituto Superior Tecnico

M. Naden

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

J. Naish

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

R. Naish

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

F. Napoli

ENEA

E. Nardon

The French Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission (CEA)

V Naulin

Technical University of Denmark (DTU)

M. F. Nave

Instituto Superior Tecnico

I. Nedzelskiy

Instituto Superior Tecnico

I. Nestoras

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

R. Neu

Max Planck Society

S. Ng

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

M. Nicassio

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

A.H. Nielsen

Technical University of Denmark (DTU)

D. Nina

Instituto Superior Tecnico

D. Nishijima

University of California

C. Noble

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

C.R. Nobs

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

D. Nodwell

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

K. Nordlund

University of Helsinki

Hans Nordman

Chalmers, Space, Earth and Environment, Astronomy and Plasmaphysics

R. Normanton

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

J.-M. Noterdaeme

Max Planck Society

M. Nocente

University of Milano-Bicocca

S. Nowak

Consiglo Nazionale Delle Richerche

M. Nocente

University of Milano-Bicocca

E. Nunn

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

H. Nystrom

Royal Institute of Technology (KTH)

Michael Oberparleiter

Chalmers, Space, Earth and Environment, Astronomy and Plasmaphysics

B. Obryk

Polish Academy of Sciences

J. O’Callaghan

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

T. Odupitan

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

H. Oliver

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

R. Olney

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

M. Omullane

University of Strathclyde

J Ongena

Royal Military Academy

E. Organ

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

F. Orsitto

Consorzio CREATE

J. Orszagh

Comenius University in Bratislava

T. Osborne

General Atomics

R. Otin

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

T. Otsuka

Kindai University

A. Owen

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

Y. Oya

University of Shizuoka

M. Oyaizu

National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology

R. Paccagnella

Consorzio Rfx

N. Pace

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

L.W. Packer

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

S. Paige

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

E. Pajuste

University of Latvia

D. Palade

National Institute for Laser, Plasma and Radiation Physics

S.J.P. Pamela

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

N. Panadero

Laboratorio Nacional de Fusion

E. Panontin

University of Milano-Bicocca

A. Papadopoulos

National Technical University of Athens (NTUA)

Gergely Papp

Max Planck Society

P. Papp

Comenius University in Bratislava

V.V. Parail

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

C. Pardanaud

Aix Marseille University

J. Parisi

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

F. Parra Diaz

University of Oxford

A. Parsloe

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

M. Parsons

Oak Ridge National Laboratory

N. Parsons

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

M. Passeri

University of Rome Tor Vergata

A. Patel

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

A. Pau

Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne (EPFL)

G Pautasso

Max Planck Society

R. Pavlichenko

National Science Center

A. Pavone

Max Planck Society

E. Pawelec

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

C. Paz Soldan

Columbia University

A. Peacock

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

M. Pearce

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

E. Peluso

University of Rome Tor Vergata

C. Penot

ITER Organization

K. Pepperell

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

R. Pereira

Instituto Superior Tecnico

T. Pereira

Instituto Superior Tecnico

E. Perelli Cippo

Consiglo Nazionale Delle Richerche

P. Pereslavtsev

Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)

C. Perez Von Thun

Instytut Problemow Jadrowyc

V. Pericoli

Instytut Problemow Jadrowyc

D. Perry

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

M. Peterka

Czech Academy of Sciences

P. Petersson

Royal Institute of Technology (KTH)

Gábor Petravich

Centre for Energy Research

N. Petrella

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

M. Peyman

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

M. Pillon

ENEA

S. D. Pinches

ITER Organization

G. Pintsuk

Consiglo Nazionale Delle Richerche

W.W. Pires de Sa

University of Sao Paulo (USP)

A. Pires Dos Reis

University of Sao Paulo (USP)

C. Piron

ENEA

L. Piron

Consorzio Rfx

A. Pironti

Consorzio CREATE

R. Pitts

ITER Organization

K.L. van de Plassche

Dutch Institute for Fundamental Energy Research (DIFFER)

N. Platt

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

V V Plyusnin

Instituto Superior Tecnico

M. Podesta

Princeton University

G.I. Pokol

Centre for Energy Research

F. Poli

Princeton University

O.G. Pompilian

National Institute for Laser, Plasma and Radiation Physics

S. Popovichev

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

M. Poradziński

Instytut Problemow Jadrowyc

M.T. Porfiri

ENEA

M. Porkolab

Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)

C. Porosnicu

National Institute for Laser, Plasma and Radiation Physics

M. Porton

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

G. Poulipoulis

University of Ioannina

I. Predebon

Consorzio Rfx

G. Prestopino

University of Rome Tor Vergata

C. Price

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

D. Price

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

M. Price

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

Daniel Priemetzhofer

Uppsala University

P. Prior

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

G. Provatas

Ruder Boskovic Institute

G. Pucella

ENEA

P. Puglia

Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne (EPFL)

K. Purahoo

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

Istvan Pusztai

Chalmers, Physics, Subatomic, High Energy and Plasma Physics

O. Putignano

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

T. Pütterich

Max Planck Society

A. Quercia

Consorzio CREATE

G. Radulescu

Oak Ridge National Laboratory

V. Radulovic

Jozef Stefan Institute

M. Rainford

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

P. Raj

Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)

G. Ralph

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

G. Ramogida

ENEA

D. Rasmussen

Oak Ridge National Laboratory

J. Rasmussen

Technical University of Denmark (DTU)

G.A. Rattá

Laboratorio Nacional de Fusion

S. Ratynskaia

Royal Institute of Technology (KTH)

M. Rebai

Consiglo Nazionale Delle Richerche

D. Refy

Centre for Energy Research

R. Reichle

ITER Organization

M. Reinke

Oak Ridge National Laboratory

D. Reiser

Forschungszentrum Jülich

C Reux

The French Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission (CEA)

S. Reynolds

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

M. Richiusa

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

S. Richyal

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

D. Rigamonti

Consiglo Nazionale Delle Richerche

F.G. Rimini

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

J. Risner

Oak Ridge National Laboratory

M. Riva

ENEA

J.F. Rivero-Rodriguez

University of Seville

C. M. Roach

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

R. Robins

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

S. Robinson

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

D. Robson

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

P. Rodrigues

Instituto Superior Tecnico

M. Rodriguez-Ramos

Ruder Boskovic Institute

P. Rodriguez-Fernandez

Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)

F. Romanelli

ENEA

M. Romanelli

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

S. Romanelli

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

J. Romazanov

Forschungszentrum Jülich

R. Rossi

University of Rome Tor Vergata

S. Rowe

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

D. Rowlands

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

M. Rubel

Royal Institute of Technology (KTH)

G. Rubinacci

Consorzio CREATE

G. Rubino

Tuscia University

L. Ruchko

University of Sao Paulo (USP)

M. Ruiz

Technical University of Madrid

J. Ruiz Ruiz

University of Oxford

C. Ruset

National Institute for Laser, Plasma and Radiation Physics

J. Rzadkiewicz

National Centre for Nuclear Research

S. Saarelma

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

E. Safi

University of Helsinki

M. Salewski

Technical University of Denmark (DTU)

A. Salmi

Technical Research Centre of Finland (VTT)

R. Salmon

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

F. Salzedas

Instituto Superior Tecnico

I. Sanders

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

A. Sahlberg

Uppsala University

D. Sandiford

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

A. Sahlberg

Uppsala University

B. Santos

Instituto Superior Tecnico

A. Santucci

ENEA

R. Sarwar

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

I. Sarychev

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

O. Sauter

Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne (EPFL)

P. Sauwan

Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia

N. Scapin

Royal Institute of Technology (KTH)

F. Schluck

Forschungszentrum Jülich

K. Schmid

Max Planck Society

S. Schmuck

Consiglo Nazionale Delle Richerche

M. Schneider

ITER Organization

P.A. Schneider

Max Planck Society

D. Schwörer

Dublin City University

G. Scott

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

M. Scott

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

D. Scraggs

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

S. Scully

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

M. Segato

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

J. Seo

Seoul National University

G. Sergienko

Forschungszentrum Jülich

M. Sertoli

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

S. E. Sharapov

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

A. Shaw

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

H. Sheikh

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

U. Sheikh

Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne (EPFL)

A. Shepherd

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

P. Shigin

ITER Organization

K. Shinohara

University of Tokyo

S. Shiraiwa

Princeton University

D. Shiraki

Oak Ridge National Laboratory

M. Short

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

G. Sias

University of Cagliari

S.A. Silburn

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

A. Silva

Instituto Superior Tecnico

C. Silva

Instituto Superior Tecnico

J. Silva

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

D. Silvagni

Max Planck Society

D. Simfukwe

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

J. Simpson

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

D. Sinclair

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

S. Sipila

Aalto University

A. C.C. Sips

European Commission (EC)

P. Sirén

University of Helsinki

A. Sirinelli

ITER Organization

H. Sjöstrand

Uppsala University

N. Skinner

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

J. Slater

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

N. Smith

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

P. Smith

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

J. Snell

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

G. Snoep

Dutch Institute for Fundamental Energy Research (DIFFER)

L. Snoj

Jozef Stefan Institute

P. Snyder

General Atomics

S. Soare

National Institute for Cryogenics and Isotopic Technology

E. R. Solano

Laboratorio Nacional de Fusion

V. Solokha

Aalto University

A. Somers

Dublin City University

C. Sommariva

Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne (EPFL)

K. Soni

University of Basel

E. Sorokovoy

National Science Center

M. Sos

Czech Academy of Sciences

J. Sousa

Instituto Superior Tecnico

C. Sozzi

Consiglo Nazionale Delle Richerche

S. Spagnolo

Consorzio Rfx

T. Spelzini

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

F. Spineanu

National Institute for Laser, Plasma and Radiation Physics

D. Spong

Oak Ridge National Laboratory

D. Sprada

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

S. Sridhar

The French Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission (CEA)

C. Srinivasan

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

G. Stables

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

G. Staebler

General Atomics

I. Stamatelatos

National Center for Scientific Research “Demokritos”

P. Staniec

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

G. Stankūnas

Lithuanian Energy Institute

M.J. Stead

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

E. Stefanikova

Royal Institute of Technology (KTH)

Z. Stancar

Jozef Stefan Institute

A.V. Stephen

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

Z. Stancar

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

J. Stephens

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

P. Stevenson

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

M. Stojanov

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

Pär Strand

Chalmers, Space, Earth and Environment, Astronomy and Plasmaphysics

H.R. Strauss

HRS Fusion

S. Strikwerda

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

P. Ström

Royal Institute of Technology (KTH)

C.I. Stuart

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

W. Studholme

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

M. Subramani

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

E. Suchkov

Comenius University in Bratislava

S. Sumida

National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology

H.-J. Sun

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

T.E. Susts

University of Latvia

J. Svensson

Max Planck Society

J. Svoboda

Czech Academy of Sciences

R. Sweeney

Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)

D. Sytnykov

National Science Center

T. Szabolics

Centre for Energy Research

G. Szepesi

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

B. Tabia

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

T. Tadic

Ruder Boskovic Institute

B. Tál

Max Planck Society

T. Tala

Technical Research Centre of Finland (VTT)

A. Tallargio

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

P. Tamain

The French Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission (CEA)

H. Tan

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

Kenji Tanaka

National Institutes of Natural Sciences

W. Tang

Princeton University

M. Tardocchi

Consiglo Nazionale Delle Richerche

D. Taylor

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

A.S. Teimane

University of Latvia

G. Telesca

Instytut Problemow Jadrowyc

A. Teplukhina

Princeton University

D. Terentyev

Belgian Nuclear Research Center (SCK CEN)

A. Terra

Forschungszentrum Jülich

D. Terranova

Consorzio Rfx

N. Terranova

ENEA

D. Testa

Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne (EPFL)

E. Tholerus

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

J. Thomas

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

E. Thorén

Royal Institute of Technology (KTH)

A. Thorman

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

W. Tierens

Max Planck Society

R. A. Tinguely

Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)

A. Tipton

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

H. Todd

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

M. Tokitani

National Institutes of Natural Sciences

P. Tolias

Royal Institute of Technology (KTH)

M. Tomeš

Czech Academy of Sciences

A. Tookey

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

Y. Torikai

Ibaraki University

U. Von Toussaint

Max Planck Society

P. Tsavalas

National Center for Scientific Research “Demokritos”

D. Tskhakaya

Czech Academy of Sciences

I. Turner

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

M.M. Turner

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

M.M. Turner

Dublin City University

M. Turnyanskiy

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

G. Tvalashvili

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

S.G.J. Tyrrell

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

M. Tyshchenko

National Academy of Sciences in Ukraine

A. Uccello

Consiglo Nazionale Delle Richerche

V. Udintsev

ITER Organization

G. Urbanczyk

The French Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission (CEA)

A. Vadgama

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

D. Valcarcel

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

M. Valisa

Consorzio Rfx

P. Vallejos Olivares

Royal Institute of Technology (KTH)

Martin Valovic

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

D. Van Eester

Royal Military Academy

J. Varje

Aalto University

S. Vartanian

The French Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission (CEA)

T. Vasilopoulou

National Center for Scientific Research “Demokritos”

G. Vayakis

ITER Organization

M. Vecsei

Centre for Energy Research

J. Vega

Laboratorio Nacional de Fusion

S. Ventre

Consorzio CREATE

Geert Verdoolaege

Ghent university

C. Verona

University of Rome Tor Vergata

G. Verona Rinati

University of Rome Tor Vergata

E. Veshchev

ITER Organization

N. Vianello

Consorzio Rfx

E. Viezzer

University of Seville

L. Vignitchouk

Royal Institute of Technology (KTH)

R. Vila

Laboratorio Nacional de Fusion

S. Villari

ENEA

F. Villone

Consorzio CREATE

P. Vincenzi

Consorzio Rfx

B. Viola

ENEA

A.J. Virtanen

Aalto University

A. Vitins

University of Latvia

Z. Vizvary

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

G. Vlad

ENEA

M. Vlad

National Institute for Laser, Plasma and Radiation Physics

P. Vondráček

Czech Academy of Sciences

P.C. de Vries

ITER Organization

B. Wakeling

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

N. R. Walkden

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

M. Walker

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

R. Walker

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

M. Walsh

ITER Organization

E. Wang

Forschungszentrum Jülich

N. Wang

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

S. Warder

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

R. Warren

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

J. Waterhouse

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

C. Watts

ITER Organization

T Wauters

Royal Military Academy

A. Weckmann

Royal Institute of Technology (KTH)

H. Wedderburn Maxwell

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

M. Weiland

Max Planck Society

H. Weisen

Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne (EPFL)

M. Weiszflog

Uppsala University

P. Welch

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

N. Wendler

Instytut Problemow Jadrowyc

A. West

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

M. Wheatley

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

S. Wheeler

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

A.M. Whitehead

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

D. Whittaker

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

A.M. Widdowson

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

S. Wiesen

Forschungszentrum Jülich

J. Wilkinson

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

J.C. Williams

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

D. Willoughby

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

I. Wilson

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

J. Wilson

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

T. Wilson

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

M. Wischmeier

Max Planck Society

P. Wise

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

G. Withenshaw

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

A. Withycombe

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

D. Witts

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

A. Wojcik-Gargula

Polish Academy of Sciences

E. Wolfrum

Max Planck Society

R. Wood

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

C. Woodley

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

R. Woodley

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

B. Woods

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

J.C. Wright

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

J.C. Wright

Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)

T. Xu

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

Dimitriy Yadykin

Chalmers, Space, Earth and Environment, Astronomy and Plasmaphysics

M. Yajima

National Institutes of Natural Sciences

Y. Yakovenko

National Academy of Sciences in Ukraine

Y. Yang

ITER Organization

W. Yanling

Forschungszentrum Jülich

V. Yanovskiy

Czech Academy of Sciences

I. Young

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

R. Young

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

R.J. Zabolockis

University of Latvia

J. Zacks

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

R. Zagórski

National Centre for Nuclear Research

F.S. Zaitsev

Comenius University in Bratislava

L. Zakharov

University of Helsinki

A. Zarins

University of Latvia

K.-D. Zastrow

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

Y. Zayachuk

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

M. Zerbini

ENEA

W. Zhang

Max Planck Society

D. Zarzoso

Aix Marseille University

Y. Zhou

Royal Institute of Technology (KTH)

D. Zarzoso

Aix Marseille University

M. Zlobinski

Forschungszentrum Jülich

A. Zocco

Max Planck Society

A. Zohar

Jozef Stefan Institute

V. Zoita

National Institute for Laser, Plasma and Radiation Physics

S. Zoletnik

Centre for Energy Research

V.K. Zotta

Sapienza University of Rome

I. Zoulias

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

W. Zwingmann

Instituto Superior Tecnico

I. Zychor

National Centre for Nuclear Research

Frida Eriksson

Chalmers, Space, Earth and Environment, Astronomy and Plasmaphysics

Oskar Vallhagen

Chalmers, Physics, Subatomic, High Energy and Plasma Physics

Konsta Särkimäki

Chalmers, Physics, Subatomic, High Energy and Plasma Physics

Elisabeth Rachlew

Chalmers, Physics, Subatomic, High Energy and Plasma Physics

Andreas Gillgren

Chalmers, Space, Earth and Environment, Astronomy and Plasmaphysics

Emil Fransson

Chalmers, Space, Earth and Environment, Astronomy and Plasmaphysics

Nature Physics

1745-2473 (ISSN) 17452481 (eISSN)

Vol. 18 7 776-782

Subject Categories

Energy Engineering

Energy Systems

Fusion, Plasma and Space Physics

DOI

10.1038/s41567-022-01626-8

More information

Latest update

3/7/2024 9