Operation, Monitoring, and Protection of Future Power Systems: Advanced Congestion Forecast and Dynamic State Estimation Applications
Doctoral thesis, 2022

The electrical power systems are undergoing drastic changes such as increasing levels of renewable energy sources, energy storage, electrification of energy-efficient loads such as heat pumps and electric vehicles, demand-side resources, etc., in the last decade, and more changes will be followed in the near future. The emergence of digitalization and advanced communication in the case of distribution systems to enhance the performance of the electricity infrastructure also adds further complexities. These changes pose challenges such as increased levels of network congestion, voltage variations, protection mis-operations, increased needs for real-time monitoring, and improved planning practices of the system operators. These challenges will require the development of new paradigms to operate the power grids securely, safely, and economically. This thesis attempted to address those challenges and had the following main contributions:

First, the thesis started by presenting a comprehensive assessment framework to address the distribution system operators’ future-readiness and help the distribution system operators to determine the current status of their network infrastructures, business models, and policies and thus identify the pathways for the required developments for the smooth transition towards future intelligent distribution grids.

Second, the thesis presents an advanced congestion forecast tool that would support the distribution system operators to forecast and visualize network congestion and voltage variations issues for multiple forecasting horizons ranging from close-to-real time to a day-ahead. The tool is based on a probabilistic power flow that incorporates forecasts of solar photovoltaic production and electricity demand, combined with advanced load models and different operating modes of solar photovoltaic inverters. The tool has been integrated to an existing industrial graded distribution management system via an IoT platform Codex Smart Edge of Atos Worldgrid. The results from case studies demonstrated that the tool performs satisfactorily for both small and large networks and can visualise the cumulative probabilities of network congestion and voltage variations for a variety of forecast horizons as desired by the distribution system operator.

Third, a dynamic state estimation-based protection scheme for the transmission lines which does not require complicated relay settings and coordination has been demonstrated using an experimental setup at Chalmers power system laboratory. The scheme makes use of the real-time measurements provided by advanced sensors which are developed by Smart State Technology, The Netherlands. The experimental validations of the scheme have been performed under different fault types and conditions, e.g., unbalanced faults, three-phase faults, high impedance faults, hidden failures, inductive load conditions, etc. The results have shown that the scheme performs adequately in both normal and fault conditions and thus the scheme would work for transmission line protection by avoiding relay coordination and settings issues.

Finally, the thesis presents a decentralized dynamic state estimation method for estimating the dynamic states of a transmission line in real-time. This method utilizes the sampled measurements from the local end of a transmission line, and thereafter dynamic state estimation is performed by employing an unscented Kalman filter. The advantage of the method is that the remote end state variables of a transmission line can be estimated using only the local end variables and, hence, the need for communication infrastructure is eliminated. Furthermore, an exact nonlinear model of the transmission line is utilized and the dynamic state estimation of one transmission line is independent of the other lines. These features in turn result in reduced complexity, higher accuracy, and easier implementation of the decentralized estimator. The method is envisioned to have potential applications in transmission line monitoring, control, and protection.

distribution system operator

future distribution systems

smart grid solutions.

photovoltaics

Congestion forecast

probabilistic power flow

power system protection

future-readiness

energy transition

phasor measurement unit

renewable energy

experimental validation

dynamic state estimation

Lecture hall EB, EDIT Building and online via Zoom
Opponent: Prof. Kai Strunz, TU Berlin, Germany

Author

Ankur Srivastava

Chalmers, Electrical Engineering, Electric Power Engineering

Pathways for the Development of Future Intelligent Distribution Grids

Energy Policy,; Vol. 169(2022)

Journal article

Transmission Line Protection Using Dynamic State Estimation and Advanced Sensors: Experimental Validation

IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,; Vol. 38(2023)p. 162-176

Journal article

A Review on Challenges and Solutions in Microgrid Protection

2021 IEEE Madrid PowerTech, PowerTech 2021 - Conference Proceedings,; (2021)

Paper in proceeding

Chalmers Campus as a Testbed for Intelligent Grids and Local Energy Systems

IEEE International Conference on Smart Energy Systems and Technologies (SEST),; (2019)

Paper in proceeding

A Congestion Forecast Framework for Distribution Systems with High Penetration of PV and PEVs

2019 IEEE Milan PowerTech, PowerTech 2019,; (2019)

Paper in proceeding

Study of the European Regulatory Framework for Smart Grid Solutions in Future Distribution Systems

CIRED - Open Access Proceedings Journal,; Vol. 2020(2020)p. 800-802

Paper in proceeding

Development of a DSO Support Tool for Congestion Forecast

IET Generation, Transmission and Distribution,; Vol. 15(2021)p. 3345-3359

Journal article

Integrated cyber-physical solutions for intelligent distribution grid with high penetration of renewables (UNITED-GRID)

European Commission (EC) (EC/H2020/773717), 2017-11-01 -- 2020-04-30.

ENABLING FLEXIBILITY FOR FUTURE DISTRIBUTION GRID (FLEXIGRID)

European Commission (EC) (EC/H2020/864048), 2019-11-01 -- 2023-04-30.

Driving Forces

Sustainable development

Areas of Advance

Energy

Subject Categories

Energy Systems

Other Electrical Engineering, Electronic Engineering, Information Engineering

ISBN

978-91-7905-714-5

Doktorsavhandlingar vid Chalmers tekniska högskola. Ny serie: 5180

Publisher

Chalmers

Lecture hall EB, EDIT Building and online via Zoom

Online

Opponent: Prof. Kai Strunz, TU Berlin, Germany

More information

Latest update

10/25/2023