Accurate graphene quantum Hall arrays for the new International System of Units
Journal article, 2022
Graphene quantum Hall effect (QHE) resistance standards have the potential to provide superior realizations of three key units in the new International System of Units (SI): the ohm, the ampere, and the kilogram (Kibble Balance). However, these prospects require different resistance values than practically achievable in single graphene devices (~12.9 kΩ), and they need bias currents two orders of magnitude higher than typical breakdown currents IC ~ 100 μA. Here we present experiments on quantization accuracy of a 236-element quantum Hall array (QHA), demonstrating RK/236 ≈ 109 Ω with 0.2 part-per-billion (nΩ/Ω) accuracy with IC ≥ 5 mA (~1 nΩ/Ω accuracy for IC = 8.5 mA), using epitaxial graphene on silicon carbide (epigraphene). The array accuracy, comparable to the most precise universality tests of QHE, together with the scalability and reliability of this approach, pave the road for wider use of graphene in the new SI and beyond.
QHE
Graphene quantum hall effect
Quantum Hall array
Epitaxial graphene
QHA
Quantization accuracy
International System of Units
Author
Hans He
Chalmers, Microtechnology and Nanoscience (MC2), Quantum Device Physics
RISE Research Institutes of Sweden
2D-Tech
Karin Cedergren
RISE Research Institutes of Sweden
Chalmers, Microtechnology and Nanoscience (MC2), Quantum Device Physics
Naveen Shetty
Chalmers, Microtechnology and Nanoscience (MC2), Quantum Device Physics
2D-Tech
Samuel Lara Avila
2D-Tech
National Physical Laboratory (NPL)
Chalmers, Microtechnology and Nanoscience (MC2), Quantum Device Physics
Sergey Kubatkin
Chalmers, Microtechnology and Nanoscience (MC2), Quantum Device Physics
T. Bergsten
RISE Research Institutes of Sweden
Gunnar Eklund
RISE Research Institutes of Sweden
Nature Communications
2041-1723 (ISSN) 20411723 (eISSN)
Vol. 13 1 6933Novel two-dimensional systems: from growth to applications
Swedish Foundation for Strategic Research (SSF) (RMA15-0024), 2016-05-01 -- 2021-06-30.
Epitaxiell grafen för metrologi, sensorer och elektronik
Swedish Foundation for Strategic Research (SSF) (GMT14-0077), 2016-01-01 -- 2020-12-31.
2D material-based technology for industrial applications (2D-TECH)
VINNOVA (2019-00068), 2020-05-01 -- 2024-12-31.
GKN Aerospace Sweden (2D-tech), 2021-01-01 -- 2024-12-31.
Subject Categories
Medical Equipment Engineering
Biomedical Laboratory Science/Technology
Other Electrical Engineering, Electronic Engineering, Information Engineering
Condensed Matter Physics
DOI
10.1038/s41467-022-34680-0
PubMed
36376308