Examining the orbital decay targets KELT-9 b, KELT-16 b, and WASP-4 b, and the transit-timing variations of HD 97658 b,
Journal article, 2023
Context. Tidal orbital decay is suspected to occur for hot Jupiters in particular, with the only observationally confirmed case of this being WASP-12 b. By examining this effect, information on the properties of the host star can be obtained using the so-called stellar modified tidal quality factor Q′∗, which describes the efficiency with which the kinetic energy of the planet is dissipated within the star. This can provide information about the interior of the star. Aims. In this study, we aim to improve constraints on the tidal decay of the KELT-9, KELT-16, and WASP-4 systems in order to find evidence for or against the presence of tidal orbital decay. With this, we want to constrain the Q′∗ value for each star. In addition, we aim to test the existence of the transit timing variations (TTVs) in the HD 97658 system, which previously favoured a quadratic trend with increasing orbital period. Methods. Making use of newly acquired photometric observations from CHEOPS (CHaracterising ExOplanet Satellite) and TESS (Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite), combined with archival transit and occultation data, we use Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) algorithms to fit three models to the data, namely a constant-period model, an orbital-decay model, and an apsidal-precession model. Results. We find that the KELT-9 system is best described by an apsidal-precession model for now, with an orbital decay trend at over 2 σ being a possible solution as well. A Keplerian orbit model with a constant orbital period provides the best fit to the transit timings of KELT-16 b because of the scatter and scale of their error bars. The WASP-4 system is best represented by an orbital decay model at a 5 σ significance, although apsidal precession cannot be ruled out with the present data. For HD 97658 b, using recently acquired transit observations, we find no conclusive evidence for a previously suspected strong quadratic trend in the data.
planets and satellites: dynamical evolution and stability
planet-star interactions
techniques: photometric
Author
J. V. Harre
German Aerospace Center (DLR)
A. M.S. Smith
German Aerospace Center (DLR)
S. C.C. Barros
University of Porto
G. Boue´
Paris Observatory
Szilard Csizmadia
German Aerospace Center (DLR)
D. Ehrenreich
University of Geneva
H.-G. Florén
Stockholm University
A. Fortier
University of Bern
P. Maxted
Keele University
M.J. Hooton
University of Bern
University of Cambridge
B. Akinsanmi
University of Porto
University of Geneva
L. M. Serrano
University of Turin
N. M. Rosário
University of Porto
B.O. Demory
University of Bern
K. Jones
University of Bern
J. Laskar
Paris Observatory
V. Adibekyan
University of Porto
Y. Alibert
University of Bern
R. Alonso
University of La Laguna
Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias
D. R. Anderson
The University of Warwick
G. Anglada
Institute of Space Studies of Catalonia (IEEC)
Institute of Space Sciences (ICE) - CSIC
J. Asquier
European Space Research and Technology Centre (ESA ESTEC)
T. Bárczy
Admatis
D. Barrado Y Navascues
European Space Astronomy Centre (ESAC)
W. Baumjohann
Institut fur Weltraumforschung
M. Beck
University of Geneva
T. Beck
University of Bern
W. Benz
University of Bern
N. Billot
University of Geneva
F. Biondi
Istituto nazionale di astrofisica (INAF)
Max Planck Society
A. Bonfanti
Institut fur Weltraumforschung
X. Bonfils
Institut de Planétologie et d’Astrophysique de Grenoble (IPAG)
A. Brandeker
Stockholm University
C. Broeg
University of Bern
J. Cabrera
German Aerospace Center (DLR)
V. Cessa
University of Bern
S. Charnoz
Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris
A. Collier Cameron
University of St Andrews
M. B. Davies
Lund University
M. Deleuil
Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Marseille
L. Delrez
University of Liège
O. Demangeon
University of Porto
Anders Erikson
German Aerospace Center (DLR)
L. Fossati
Institut fur Weltraumforschung
Malcolm Fridlund
Chalmers, Space, Earth and Environment, Astronomy and Plasmaphysics
Leiden University
D. Gandolfi
University of Turin
Michaël Gillon
University of Liège
M. Gudel
University of Vienna
Coel Hellier
Keele University
Kevin Heng
University of Bern
The University of Warwick
S. Hoyer
Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Marseille
K. Isaak
European Space Research and Technology Centre (ESA ESTEC)
L.L. Kiss
Hungarian Academy of Sciences
Eötvös Loránd University (ELTE)
A. L. des Etangs
Institut d 'Astrophysique de Paris
M. Lendl
University of Geneva
C. Lovis
University of Geneva
A. Luntzer
University of Vienna
D. Magrin
Istituto nazionale di astrofisica (INAF)
Valerio Nascimbeni
Istituto nazionale di astrofisica (INAF)
G. Olofsson
Stockholm University
R. Ottensamer
University of Vienna
I. Pagano
Istituto nazionale di astrofisica (INAF)
E. Palle
Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias
Carina Persson
Chalmers, Space, Earth and Environment, Astronomy and Plasmaphysics
G. Peter
German Aerospace Center (DLR)
Giampaolo P. Piotto
Istituto nazionale di astrofisica (INAF)
University of Padua
D. Pollacco
The University of Warwick
D. Queloz
University of Cambridge
Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Zürich (ETH)
Roberto Ragazzoni
Istituto nazionale di astrofisica (INAF)
University of Padua
N. Rando
European Space Research and Technology Centre (ESA ESTEC)
H. Rauer
German Aerospace Center (DLR)
Technische Universität Berlin
Freie Universität Berlin
I. Ribas
Institute of Space Studies of Catalonia (IEEC)
Institute of Space Sciences (ICE) - CSIC
G. R. Ricker
Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
S. Salmon
University of Geneva
N. C. Santos
University of Porto
Gaetano Scandariato
Istituto nazionale di astrofisica (INAF)
S. Seager
Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
D. Segransan
University of Geneva
A.E. Simon
University of Bern
S. G. Sousa
University of Porto
Manfred B. Steller
Institut fur Weltraumforschung
Gy M. Szabó
Eötvös Loránd University (ELTE)
N. Thomas
University of Bern
S. Udry
University of Geneva
B. Ulmer
German Aerospace Center (DLR)
V. Van Grootel
University of Liège
N. A. Walton
University of Cambridge
T. G. Wilson
University of St Andrews
J. N. Winn
Princeton University
B. Wohler
SETI Institute
NASA Ames Research Center
Astronomy and Astrophysics
0004-6361 (ISSN) 1432-0746 (eISSN)
Vol. 669 A124Subject Categories
Astronomy, Astrophysics and Cosmology
Embedded Systems
Probability Theory and Statistics
DOI
10.1051/0004-6361/202244529