Flame Characterization of Cofiring Gaseous and Solid Fuels in Suspensions
Journal article, 2024

This work characterizes technical scale flames of suspension firing of gaseous and solid fuel mixtures through in-flame measurements with focus on nitrogen oxide (NOx) formation. The aims are to investigate the impacts of substituting a solid fuel with a gaseous fuel on the important mechanisms for NOx formation and to highlight important considerations for burner design. The investigation was performed in a 100 kW test unit that fires mixtures of propane and lignite. The global emissions levels and in-flame compositions were measured. A detailed reaction model was used to interpret the experimental results. The study highlights the importance of the early release of volatile nitrogen to reduce the levels of NOx. The findings indicate that substituting lignite by propane is advantageous in terms of reducing NO emissions, primarily due to the diminished input of fuel-bound nitrogen to the flame. However, this holds true only if the flame temperature of the gaseous fuel does not increase excessively. Finally, introducing a relatively small quantity of solid fuel to a propane flame appears to alter the flame behavior to resembles that of the “solid fuel,” with a longer and wider flame. Despite this, carbon monoxide and nitrogen oxide concentrations remain like gas combustion but more dispersed.

Author

Samuel Colin

LKAB

Fredrik Normann

Chalmers, Space, Earth and Environment, Energy Technology

Christian Fredriksson

LKAB

Klas Andersson

Chalmers, Space, Earth and Environment, Energy Technology

ACS Omega

24701343 (eISSN)

Vol. 9 26 28268 -28282

Utveckling av vätgasförstärkt värmningsteknik för roterugn-elektrifiering av svensk järnmalmsförädling

Swedish Energy Agency (P2022-00196), 2022-07-01 -- 2025-06-30.

LKAB (Ordernr 8088686), 2022-07-01 -- 2025-06-30.

Driving Forces

Sustainable development

Subject Categories

Energy Engineering

Areas of Advance

Energy

DOI

10.1021/acsomega.4c01770

More information

Latest update

7/29/2024