Agent-Based Investigation of Competing Charge Point Operators for Battery Electric Trucks
Journal article, 2024

This paper investigates the competition between two charge point operators at the same site for future battery electric long-haul trucks. The charge point operators are located along one of the busiest highways in Sweden. The investigation is carried out using an agent-based model where trucks select charge point operators based on charging prices and the length of any queues, while charge point operators adjust their prices and number of chargers to improve their profitability. The study aims to predict conditions for trucks and charge point operators in a future public fast-charging market. Our findings indicate the potential for a well-functioning future public fast-charging market with small queuing problems, high utilisation, and reasonable prices for public fast charging. Assuming a price for electricity of EUR 0.08/kWh and a minimum profit margin of EUR 0.001/kWh for charge point operators, the findings indicate that the price level outside rush hours will be low, approximately EUR 0.1/kWh. The prices during rush hours will likely be much higher, but it is harder to predict the value due to uncertainties of how charge point operators will act in the future market. Still, from the model result, the price during rush hours is suggested to be just above EUR 0.5/kWh, with an average charging price of around EUR 0.15/kWh. It also seems likely that it is profitable for charge point operators to build enough chargers so that charging queues are short.

battery electric truck

fast-charging market

agent-based model

battery electric vehicle

charger utilisation

charging station

CPO

competing charge point operators

charge point operator

long-haul truck

Author

Johannes Karlsson

Chalmers, Electrical Engineering, Systems and control

Anders Grauers

Chalmers, Electrical Engineering, Systems and control

Energies

1996-1073 (ISSN) 19961073 (eISSN)

Vol. 17 12 2901

Effective System Solutions for Heavy Electric Trucks

Swedish Transport Administration (Triple F Projekt nr: 2020.3.2.32), 2020-09-08 -- 2025-08-31.

Subject Categories

Transport Systems and Logistics

DOI

10.3390/en17122901

More information

Latest update

7/18/2024