First Very Long Baseline Interferometry Detections at 870 μm
Journal article, 2024
The first very long baseline interferometry (VLBI) detections at 870 μm wavelength (345 GHz frequency) are reported, achieving the highest diffraction-limited angular resolution yet obtained from the surface of the Earth and the highest-frequency example of the VLBI technique to date. These include strong detections for multiple sources observed on intercontinental baselines between telescopes in Chile, Hawaii, and Spain, obtained during observations in 2018 October. The longest-baseline detections approach 11 Gλ, corresponding to an angular resolution, or fringe spacing, of 19 μas. The Allan deviation of the visibility phase at 870 μm is comparable to that at 1.3 mm on the relevant integration timescales between 2 and 100 s. The detections confirm that the sensitivity and signal chain stability of stations in the Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) array are suitable for VLBI observations at 870 μm. Operation at this short wavelength, combined with anticipated enhancements of the EHT, will lead to a unique high angular resolution instrument for black hole studies, capable of resolving the event horizons of supermassive black holes in both space and time.
Author
Alexander W. Raymond
Harvard University
S. Doeleman
Harvard University
K. Asada
Academia Sinica
Lindy Blackburn
Harvard University
G. C. Bower
Academia Sinica
M. Bremer
Institut de Radioastronomie Millimétrique (IRAM)
D. Broguière
Institut de Radioastronomie Millimétrique (IRAM)
Ming Tang Chen
Academia Sinica
G. Crew
Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
S. Dornbusch
Max Planck Society
V. Fish
Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
Roberto Garcia
Institut de Radioastronomie Millimétrique (IRAM)
Olivier Gentaz
Institut de Radioastronomie Millimétrique (IRAM)
C. Goddi
University of Cagliari
Chih-Chiang Han
Academia Sinica
Michael H. Hecht
Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
Yau-De Huang
Academia Sinica
Michael Janssen
Max Planck Society
G. Keating
Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics
Jun Yi Koay
Academia Sinica
T.P. Krichbaum
Max Planck Society
Wen-Ping Lo
Academia Sinica
S. Matsushita
Academia Sinica
Lynn D. Matthews
Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
James M. Moran
Harvard University
Timothy Norton
Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics
N. Patel
Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics
Dominic W. Pesce
Harvard University
Venkatessh Ramakrishnan
University of Concepcion
H. Rottmann
Max Planck Society
A. Roy
Max Planck Society
S. Sanchez
Institut de Radioastronomie Millimétrique (IRAM)
R. P. J. Tilanus
University of Arizona
M. Titus
Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
Pablo Torne
Max Planck Society
Jan Wagner
Max Planck Society
J. Weintroub
Harvard University
M. Wielgus
Max Planck Society
A. Young
Radboud University
Kazunori Akiyama
Harvard University
E. Albentosa-Ruiz
Universitat de Valencia
Antxon Alberdi
Institute of Astrophysics of Andalusia (IAA)
Walter Alef
Max Planck Society
Juan-Carlos Algaba
University of Malaya
Richard Anantua
Harvard University
R. Azulay
Max Planck Society
U. Bach
Max Planck Society
A. K. Baczko
Max Planck Society
David Ball
University of Arizona
Mislav Baloković
Yale University
Bidisha Bandyopadhyay
University of Concepcion
John Barrett
Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
M. Bauböck
The Grainger College of Engineering
Bradford A. Benson
Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory
Dan Bintley
East Asian Observatory
R. Blundell
Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics
K. L. Bouman
California Institute of Technology (Caltech)
Hope Boyce
McGill University
Roger Brissenden
Harvard University
Silke Britzen
Max Planck Society
Avery E. Broderick
Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics
Thomas Bronzwaer
Radboud University
Sandra Bustamente
University of Massachusetts
J. E. Carlstrom
University of Chicago
A. Chael
Princeton University
Chi Kwan Chan
University of Arizona
Dominic O. Chang
Harvard University
Koushik Chatterjee
Harvard University
S. Chatterjee
Cornell University
Yongjun Chen
Shanghai Astronomical Observatory
X. P. Cheng
Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute
I. Cho
Institute of Astrophysics of Andalusia (IAA)
Pierre Christian
Fairfield University
Nicholas S. Conroy
Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics
John Conway
Chalmers, Space, Earth and Environment, Onsala Space Observatory
Thomas M. Crawford
University of Chicago
Alejandro Cruz-Osorio
Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México
Yuzhu Cui
Zhejiang Lab
Rohan Dahale
Institute of Astrophysics of Andalusia (IAA)
Jordy Davelaar
Radboud University
Mariafelicia De Laurentis
University of Naples Federico II
R. P. Deane
University of Witwatersrand
Jessica Dempsey
East Asian Observatory
Gregory Desvignes
Max Planck Society
Jason Dexter
JILA
Vedant Dhruv
The Grainger College of Engineering
Indu K. Dihingia
Shanghai Jiao Tong University
Sergio A. Dzib
Institut de Radioastronomie Millimétrique (IRAM)
Ralph P. Eatough
Max Planck Society
Razieh Emami
Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics
H.D. Falcke
Radboud University
Joseph R. Farah
Las Cumbres Observatory Global Telescope Network
E. Fomalont
National Radio Astronomy Observatory
Anne-Laure Fontana
Institut de Radioastronomie Millimétrique (IRAM)
H.D. Falcke
University of Arizona
Marianna Foschi
Institute of Astrophysics of Andalusia (IAA)
R. Fraga-Encinas
Radboud University
William T. Freeman
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
P. Friberg
East Asian Observatory
Christian M. Fromm
Max Planck Society
Antonio Fuentes
Institute of Astrophysics of Andalusia (IAA)
Peter Galison
Harvard University
Charles F. Gammie
The Grainger College of Engineering
Boris Georgiev
University of Arizona
R. Gold
University of Southern Denmark
Arturo I. Gómez-Ruiz
National Institute of Astrophysics, Optics and Electronics
J. L. Gomez
Institute of Astrophysics of Andalusia (IAA)
Minfeng Gu
Shanghai Astronomical Observatory
M. Gurwell
Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics
K. Hada
National Astronomical Observatory of Japan
Daryl Haggard
McGill University
R. Hesper
University of Groningen
Dirk Heumann
University of Arizona
Luis C. Ho
Beijing University of Technology
P. T. P. Ho
Academia Sinica
Mareki Honma
National Astronomical Observatory of Japan
Chih Wei L. Huang
Academia Sinica
Lei Huang
Shanghai Astronomical Observatory
D. Hughes
National Institute of Astrophysics, Optics and Electronics
Shiro Ikeda
National Astronomical Observatory of Japan
C. M. V. Impellizzeri
National Radio Astronomy Observatory
Makoto Inoue
Academia Sinica
S. Issaoun
Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics
David J. James
ASTRAVEO
Buell T. Jannuzi
University of Arizona
Britton Jeter
Academia Sinica
Wu Jiang
Shanghai Astronomical Observatory
Alejandra Jimenez-Rosales
Radboud University
Michael D. Johnson
Harvard University
S.G. Jorstad
Boston University
Adam C. Jones
University of Chicago
Abhishek V. Joshi
The Grainger College of Engineering
Taehyun Jung
Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute
R. Karuppusamy
Max Planck Society
Tomohisa Kawashima
University of Tokyo
M. M. Kettenis
Joint Institute for VLBI in Europe (JIVE)
Dong-Jin Kim
Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
Jae-Young Kim
Max Planck Society
Jongsoo Kim
Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute
Junhan Kim
Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST)
R. Karuppusamy
National Astronomical Observatory of Japan
Prashant Kocherlakota
Goethe University Frankfurt
Yutaro Kofuji
National Astronomical Observatory of Japan
Patrick M. Koch
Academia Sinica
Shoko Koyama
Academia Sinica
C. Kramer
Institut de Radioastronomie Millimétrique (IRAM)
Joana A. Kramer
Max Planck Society
M. Kramer
Max Planck Society
Derek Kubo
Academia Sinica
Greg Lindahl
Academia Sinica
Michael Lindqvist
Radboud University
Sang Sung Lee
Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute
Aviad Levis
California Institute of Technology (Caltech)
Zhiyuan Li
Nanjing University
R. Lico
Institute of Astrophysics of Andalusia (IAA)
Greg Lindahl
Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics
Michael Lindqvist
Chalmers, Space, Earth and Environment, Onsala Space Observatory
Mikhail Lisakov
Max Planck Society
Jun Liu
Max Planck Society
Kuo Liu
Max Planck Society
Elisabetta Liuzzo
Istituto nazionale di astrofisica (INAF)
A. P. Lobanov
Max Planck Society
L. Loinard
Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México
Colin Lonsdale
Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
Amy E. Lowitz
University of Arizona
R.S. Lu
Max Planck Society
N. R. Macdonald
Max Planck Society
Sylvain Mahieu
Institut de Radioastronomie Millimétrique (IRAM)
Doris Maier
Institut de Radioastronomie Millimétrique (IRAM)
Jirong Mao
Chinese Academy of Sciences
Nicola Marchili
Max Planck Society
S. Markoff
University of Amsterdam
D. P. Marrone
University of Arizona
A. Marscher
Boston University
Ivan Marti-Vidal
Universitat de Valencia
Lia Medeiros
Princeton University
NASA Hubble Fellowship Program
K. Menten
Max Planck Society
Izumi Mizuno
East Asian Observatory
Yosuke Mizuno
Goethe University Frankfurt
Joshua Montgomery
University of Chicago
Kotaro Moriyama
Goethe University Frankfurt
M. Mościbrodzka
Radboud University
Wanga Mulaudzi
University of Amsterdam
C. Müller
Max Planck Society
Hendrik Müller
Max Planck Society
A. Mus
Universitat de Valencia
Gibwa Musoke
Radboud University
I. Myserlis
Institut de Radioastronomie Millimétrique (IRAM)
H. Nagai
National Astronomical Observatory of Japan
N. M. Nagar
University of Concepcion
Masanori Nakamura
Academia Sinica
Gopal Narayanan
University of Massachusetts
Iniyan Natarajan
Harvard University
Antonios Nathanail
Goethe University Frankfurt
Santiago Navarro Fuentes
Institut de Radioastronomie Millimétrique (IRAM)
Joseph Neilsen
Villanova University
Chunchong Ni
Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics
Michael A. Nowak
University of Washington
Junghwan Oh
Joint Institute for VLBI in Europe (JIVE)
Hiroki Okino
National Astronomical Observatory of Japan
Héctor Olivares
University of Aveiro
Tomoaki Oyama
National Astronomical Observatory of Japan
Feryal Özel
Georgia Institute of Technology
Daniel C.M. Palumbo
Harvard University
Georgios Filippos Paraschos
Max Planck Society
Jongho Park
Kyung Hee University
Harriet Parsons
East Asian Observatory
U. L. Pen
Academia Sinica
Vincent Piétu
Institut de Radioastronomie Millimétrique (IRAM)
Aleksandar PopStefanija
University of Massachusetts
Oliver Porth
University of Amsterdam
Goethe University Frankfurt
Ben Prather
The Grainger College of Engineering
G. Principe
Istituto nazionale di astrofisica (INAF)
Dimitrios Psaltis
Georgia Institute of Technology
Hung-Yi Pu
Academia Sinica
Philippe A. Raffin
Academia Sinica
R. Rao
Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics
M.G. Rawlings
East Asian Observatory
Angelo Ricarte
Harvard University
Bart Ripperda
Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics
F. Roelofs
Harvard University
C. Romero-Cañizales
Academia Sinica
Eduardo Ros
Max Planck Society
Arash Roshanineshat
University of Arizona
Ignacio Ruiz
Institut de Radioastronomie Millimétrique (IRAM)
C. Ruszczyk
Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
Kazi L.J. Rygl
Istituto nazionale di astrofisica (INAF)
David Sánchez-Arguelles
National Institute of Astrophysics, Optics and Electronics
M. Sánchez Portal
Institut de Radioastronomie Millimétrique (IRAM)
Mahito Sasada
National Astronomical Observatory of Japan
Kaushik Satapathy
University of Arizona
T. Savolainen
Max Planck Society
F. P. Schloerb
University of Massachusetts
Jonathan Schonfeld
Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics
K. Schuster
Institut de Radioastronomie Millimétrique (IRAM)
Lijing Shao
Max Planck Society
Zhi Qiang Shen
Shanghai Astronomical Observatory
Des Small
Joint Institute for VLBI in Europe (JIVE)
B. W. Sohn
Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute
J. SooHoo
Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
León David Sosapanta Salas
University of Amsterdam
Kamal Souccar
University of Massachusetts
Joshua S. Stanway
University of Central Lancashire
He Sun
Peking University
Fumie Tazaki
Tokyo Electron Technology Solutions Limited
Alexandra J. Tetarenko
University of Lethbridge
Paul Tiede
Harvard University
Kenji Toma
Tohoku University
Teresa Toscano
Institute of Astrophysics of Andalusia (IAA)
E. Traianou
Max Planck Society
Tyler Trent
University of Arizona
S. Trippe
Seoul National University
Matthew Turk
University of Illinois
I. van Bemmel
Joint Institute for VLBI in Europe (JIVE)
H. J. van Langevelde
Joint Institute for VLBI in Europe (JIVE)
Leiden University
Daniel R. van Rossum
Radboud University
Jesse Vos
Radboud University
D. Ward-Thompson
University of Central Lancashire
John Wardle
Brandeis University
Jasmin E. Washington
University of Arizona
Robert Wharton
Max Planck Society
K. Wiik
Turku University of Applied Sciences
Gunther Witzel
Max Planck Society
Michael F. Wondrak
Radboud University
George N. Wong
Princeton University
Qingwen Wu
University College London (UCL)
Nitika Yadlapalli
California Institute of Technology (Caltech)
Paul Yamaguchi
Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics
Aristomenis Yfantis
Radboud University
Doosoo Yoon
University of Amsterdam
Ziri Younsi
Goethe University Frankfurt
Wei Yu
Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics
Feng Yuan
Fudan University
Ye-Fei Yuan
Fudan University
A.J. Zensus
Max Planck Society
Shuo Zhang
Michigan State University
G. Y. Zhao
Max Planck Society
Shan-Shan Zhao
Shanghai Astronomical Observatory
Astronomical Journal
0004-6256 (ISSN) 1538-3881 (eISSN)
Vol. 168 3 130Onsala space observatory infrastructure
Swedish Research Council (VR) (2017-00648), 2018-01-01 -- 2021-12-31.
RadioNet 4
European Commission (EC) (EC/H2020/730562), 2017-01-01 -- 2020-12-31.
Subject Categories
Astronomy, Astrophysics and Cosmology
Signal Processing
DOI
10.3847/1538-3881/ad5bdb