Traction Motor 2D Models with End Winding Leakage Inductance Consideration

Paper in proceeding, 2024

A 3D finite element model (FEM) can be considered the best option when theoretically determining the stator winding inductances including the end winding leakage inductance in permanent magnet synchronous machines. Together with a 2D FEM model, the end winding leakage inductance contribution to the total inductance can be determined. This is important since an incorrect prediction of the end effects on the stator per-phase inductance will affect the motor control and yield erroneous output of for example the power factor as well as the power ability at high power. However, full 3D FEM models are time-consuming to build and solve, and therefore a modified 2D FEM model that can incorporate end leakage effects, by increasing the average coil radius, is suggested for optimisation and control purposes. Other methods suggested in literature are reviewed and tested on three different permanent magnet machines with hairpin, distributed and concentrated windings.