Physics research on the TCV tokamak facility: From conventional to alternative scenarios and beyond
Journal article, 2019
The research program of the TCV tokamak ranges from conventional to advanced-tokamak scenarios and alternative divertor configurations, to exploratory plasmas driven by theoretical insight, exploiting the device's unique shaping capabilities. Disruption avoidance by real-time locked mode prevention or unlocking with electron-cyclotron resonance heating (ECRH) was thoroughly documented, using magnetic and radiation triggers. Runaway generation with high-Z noble-gas injection and runaway dissipation by subsequent Ne or Ar injection were studied for model validation. The new 1 MW neutral beam injector has expanded the parameter range, now encompassing ELMy H-modes in an ITER-like shape and nearly non-inductive H-mode discharges sustained by electron cyclotron and neutral beam current drive. In the H-mode, the pedestal pressure increases modestly with nitrogen seeding while fueling moves the density pedestal outwards, but the plasma stored energy is largely uncorrelated to either seeding or fueling. High fueling at high triangularity is key to accessing the attractive small edge-localized mode (type-II) regime. Turbulence is reduced in the core at negative triangularity, consistent with increased confinement and in accord with global gyrokinetic simulations. The geodesic acoustic mode, possibly coupled with avalanche events, has been linked with particle flow to the wall in diverted plasmas. Detachment, scrape-off layer transport, and turbulence were studied in L- and H-modes in both standard and alternative configurations (snowflake, super-X, and beyond). The detachment process is caused by power 'starvation' reducing the ionization source, with volume recombination playing only a minor role. Partial detachment in the H-mode is obtained with impurity seeding and has shown little dependence on flux expansion in standard single-null geometry. In the attached L-mode phase, increasing the outer connection length reduces the in-out heat-flow asymmetry. A doublet plasma, featuring an internal X-point, was achieved successfully, and a transport barrier was observed in the mantle just outside the internal separatrix. In the near future variable-configuration baffles and possibly divertor pumping will be introduced to investigate the effect of divertor closure on exhaust and performance, and 3.5 MW ECRH and 1 MW neutral beam injection heating will be added.
TCV, MST1
tokamak
nuclear fusion
EUROfusion
overview
Author
S. Coda
Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne (EPFL)
M. Agostini
Consorzio Rfx
R. Albanese
University of Naples Federico II
S. Alberti
Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne (EPFL)
E. Alessi
Istituto Di Fisica Del Plasma Piero Caldirola, Milan
S.Y. Allan
Durham University
J.S. Allcock
Durham University
R. Ambrosino
University Parthenope
H. Anand
ITER Organization
Y. Andrebe
Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne (EPFL)
H. Arnichand
Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne (EPFL)
F. Auriemma
Consorzio Rfx
J.M. Ayllon-Guerola
University of Seville
F. Bagnato
Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne (EPFL)
J. Ball
Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne (EPFL)
M. Baquero-Ruiz
Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne (EPFL)
A.A. Beletskii
National Science Center
M. Bernert
Max Planck Society
W. Bin
Istituto Di Fisica Del Plasma Piero Caldirola, Milan
P. Blanchard
Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne (EPFL)
T.C. Blanken
Eindhoven University of Technology
J.A. Boedo
University of California
O. Bogar
Czech Academy of Sciences
T. Bolzonella
Consorzio Rfx
F. Bombarda
ENEA
N. Bonanomi
University of Milano-Bicocca
F. Bouquey
The French Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission (CEA)
C. Bowman
University of York
D. Brida
Max Planck Society
J. Bucalossi
The French Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission (CEA)
J. Buermans
Royal Military Academy
H. Bufferand
The French Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission (CEA)
P. Buratti
ENEA
G. Calabro
Tuscia University
L. Calacci
University of Rome Tor Vergata
Y. Camenen
Physique des Interactions Ioniques et Moleculaires
D. Carnevale
University of Rome Tor Vergata
F. Carpanese
Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne (EPFL)
M. Carr
Culham Science Centre
L. Carraro
Consorzio Rfx
A. Casolari
Czech Academy of Sciences
F. Causa
Istituto Di Fisica Del Plasma Piero Caldirola, Milan
J. Čeřovský
Czech Academy of Sciences
O. Chellaï
Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne (EPFL)
P. Chmielewski
Instytut Problemow Jadrowyc
D. Choi
Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne (EPFL)
N. Christen
University of Oxford
G. Ciraolo
The French Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission (CEA)
L. Cordaro
Consorzio Rfx
S. Costea
University of Innsbruck
N. Cruz
Instituto Superior Tecnico
A. Czarnecka
Instytut Problemow Jadrowyc
A. Dal Molin
University of Milano-Bicocca
P. David
Max Planck Society
J. Decker
Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne (EPFL)
H. De Oliveira
Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne (EPFL)
D. Douai
The French Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission (CEA)
M. Dreval
National Science Center
Benjamin Dudson
University of York
M. Dunne
Max Planck Society
B. Duval
Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne (EPFL)
T. Eich
Max Planck Society
S.D. Elmore
Culham Science Centre
Ola Embréus
Chalmers, Physics, Subatomic and Plasma Physics
B. Esposito
ENEA
M. Faitsch
Max Planck Society
M. Farnik
Czech Academy of Sciences
A. Fasoli
Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne (EPFL)
N. Fedorczak
The French Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission (CEA)
F Felici
Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne (EPFL)
S. Feng
University of Milano-Bicocca
X. Feng
Durham University
G. Ferrò
University of Rome Tor Vergata
O. Février
Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne (EPFL)
O. Ficker
Czech Academy of Sciences
A. Fil
University of York
M. Fontana
Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne (EPFL)
L. Frassinetti
Royal Institute of Technology (KTH)
Ivo Furno
Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne (EPFL)
D. Gahle
University of Strathclyde
D. Galassi
Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne (EPFL)
K. Galazka
Instytut Problemow Jadrowyc
A. Gallo
The French Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission (CEA)
C. Galperti
Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne (EPFL)
S. Garavaglia
Istituto Di Fisica Del Plasma Piero Caldirola, Milan
J. Garcia
The French Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission (CEA)
M. Garcia-Munoz
University of Seville
A.J. Garrido
University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU)
I. Garrido
University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU)
J. Gath
Technical University of Denmark (DTU)
B. Geiger
Max Planck Society
G. Giruzzi
The French Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission (CEA)
M. Gobbin
Consorzio Rfx
T. Goodman
Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne (EPFL)
G. Gorini
University of Milano-Bicocca
M. Gospodarczyk
University of Rome Tor Vergata
G. Granucci
Istituto Di Fisica Del Plasma Piero Caldirola, Milan
J.P. Graves
Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne (EPFL)
M. Gruca
Instytut Problemow Jadrowyc
T. Gyergyek
Jozef Stefan Institute
A.H. Hakola
Technical Research Centre of Finland (VTT)
T. Happel
Max Planck Society
G.F. Harrer
University of Vienna
J.R. Harrison
Culham Science Centre
E. Havličková
Culham Science Centre
J. Hawke
Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne (EPFL)
S.S. Henderson
Culham Science Centre
P. Hennequin
École polytechnique
L. Hesslow
Chalmers, Physics, Subatomic and Plasma Physics
D. Hogeweij
Dutch Institute for Fundamental Energy Research (DIFFER)
J.-Ph. Hogge
Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne (EPFL)
C. Hopf
Max Planck Society
M. Hoppe
Chalmers, Physics, Subatomic and Plasma Physics
J. Horáček
Czech Academy of Sciences
Z. Huang
Max Planck Society
A. Hubbard
Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
A. Iantchenko
Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne (EPFL)
V. Igochine
Max Planck Society
P. Innocente
Consorzio Rfx
C. Ionita Schrittwieser
University of Innsbruck
H. Isliker
Aristotle University of Thessaloniki
R. Jacquier
Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne (EPFL)
A. Jardin
Polish Academy of Sciences
A. Kappatou
Max Planck Society
A. Karpushov
Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne (EPFL)
P.-V. Kazantzidis
National Technical University of Athens (NTUA)
D. Keeling
Culham Science Centre
N. Kirneva
National Research Centre "Kurchatov Institute"
M. Komm
Czech Academy of Sciences
M. Kong
Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne (EPFL)
J. Kovacic
Jozef Stefan Institute
N. Krawczyk
Instytut Problemow Jadrowyc
O. Kudlacek
Max Planck Society
Taina Kurki-Suonio
Aalto University
R. Kwiatkowski
National Centre for Nuclear Research
B. Labit
Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne (EPFL)
E. Lazzaro
Istituto Di Fisica Del Plasma Piero Caldirola, Milan
B. Linehan
Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
B. Lipschultz
University of York
X. Llobet
Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne (EPFL)
R. Lombroni
Tuscia University
V.P. Loschiavo
University of Naples Federico II
T. Lunt
Max Planck Society
E. Macusova
Czech Academy of Sciences
J. Madsen
Technical University of Denmark (DTU)
E. Maljaars
Eindhoven University of Technology
P. Mantica
Istituto Di Fisica Del Plasma Piero Caldirola, Milan
Mark Maraschek
Max Planck Society
C. Marchetto
Istituto Di Fisica Del Plasma Piero Caldirola, Milan
A. Marco
IDOM
A. Mariani
Istituto Di Fisica Del Plasma Piero Caldirola, Milan
C. Marini
General Atomics
Y. Martin
Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne (EPFL)
F. Matos
Max Planck Society
R. Maurizio
Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne (EPFL)
B. Mavkov
University of Melbourne
D. Mazon
The French Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission (CEA)
P. McCarthy
University College Cork
R. McDermott
Max Planck Society
V. Menkovski
Eindhoven University of Technology
A. Merle
Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne (EPFL)
H.F. Meyer
Culham Science Centre
D. Micheletti
Istituto Di Fisica Del Plasma Piero Caldirola, Milan
F. Militello
Culham Science Centre
K. Mitosinkova
Czech Academy of Sciences
J. Mlynar
Czech Academy of Sciences
V. Moiseenko
National Science Center
P.A. Molina Cabrera
Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne (EPFL)
J. Morales
The French Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission (CEA)
J.-M. Moret
Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne (EPFL)
A. Moro
Istituto Di Fisica Del Plasma Piero Caldirola, Milan
R.T. Mumgaard
Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
V Naulin
Technical University of Denmark (DTU)
R.D. Nem
Technical University of Denmark (DTU)
F. Nespoli
Physique des Interactions Ioniques et Moleculaires
A.H. Nielsen
Technical University of Denmark (DTU)
S. K. Nielsen
Technical University of Denmark (DTU)
M. Nocente
University of Milano-Bicocca
S. Nowak
Istituto Di Fisica Del Plasma Piero Caldirola, Milan
N. Offeddu
Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne (EPFL)
F. Orsitto
University of Naples Federico II
R. Paccagnella
Consorzio Rfx
A. Palha
Eindhoven University of Technology
Gergely Papp
Max Planck Society
A. Pau
University of Cagliari
R. Pavlichenko
National Science Center
A. Perek
Dutch Institute for Fundamental Energy Research (DIFFER)
V. Pericoli Ridolfini
Instytut Problemow Jadrowyc
F. Pesamosca
Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne (EPFL)
V. Piergotti
ENEA
L. Pigatto
Consorzio Rfx
P. Piovesan
Consorzio Rfx
C. Piron
Consorzio Rfx
V V Plyusnin
Instituto Superior Tecnico
E. Poli
Max Planck Society
L. Porte
Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne (EPFL)
G. Pucella
ENEA
M.E. Puiatti
Consorzio Rfx
T. Pütterich
Max Planck Society
M. Rabinski
National Centre for Nuclear Research
J. Juul Rasmussen
Technical University of Denmark (DTU)
T. Ravensbergen
Eindhoven University of Technology
M. Reich
Max Planck Society
H. Reimerdes
Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne (EPFL)
F. Reimold
Forschungszentrum Jülich
C Reux
The French Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission (CEA)
D. Ricci
Istituto Di Fisica Del Plasma Piero Caldirola, Milan
Paolo Ricci
Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne (EPFL)
N. Rispoli
Istituto Di Fisica Del Plasma Piero Caldirola, Milan
J. Rosato
Physique des Interactions Ioniques et Moleculaires
S. Saarelma
Culham Science Centre
M. Salewski
Technical University of Denmark (DTU)
A. Salmi
Technical Research Centre of Finland (VTT)
O. Sauter
Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne (EPFL)
M. Scheffer
Eindhoven University of Technology
Ch. Schlatter
Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne (EPFL)
B.S. Schneider
University of Innsbruck
R. Schrittwieser
University of Innsbruck
S. E. Sharapov
Culham Science Centre
R.R. Sheeba
Physique des Interactions Ioniques et Moleculaires
U. Sheikh
Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne (EPFL)
R. Shousha
Eindhoven University of Technology
M. Silva
Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne (EPFL)
J. Sinha
ITER Organization
C. Sozzi
Istituto Di Fisica Del Plasma Piero Caldirola, Milan
M. Spolaore
Consorzio Rfx
L. Stipani
Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne (EPFL)
Pär Strand
Chalmers, Space, Earth and Environment, Astronomy and Plasmaphysics
T. Tala
Technical Research Centre of Finland (VTT)
A.S. Tema Biwole
Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne (EPFL)
A. Teplukhina
Princeton University
D. Testa
Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne (EPFL)
C. Theiler
Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne (EPFL)
A.J. Thornton
Culham Science Centre
G. Tomaž
Jozef Stefan Institute
M. Tomeš
Czech Academy of Sciences
M.Q. Tran
Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne (EPFL)
C. Tsironis
National Technical University of Athens (NTUA)
C.K. Tsui
Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne (EPFL)
J. Urban
Czech Academy of Sciences
M. Valisa
Consorzio Rfx
M. Vallar
Consorzio Rfx
D. Van Vugt
Eindhoven University of Technology
S. Vartanian
The French Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission (CEA)
O. Vasilovici
University of Innsbruck
K. Verhaegh
University of York
L. Vermare
École polytechnique
N. Vianello
Consorzio Rfx
E. Viezzer
University of Seville
W.A.J. Vijvers
Dutch Institute for Fundamental Energy Research (DIFFER)
F. Villone
University of Naples Federico II
I. Voitsekhovitch
Culham Science Centre
N.M.T. Vu
Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne (EPFL)
N. R. Walkden
Culham Science Centre
T Wauters
Royal Military Academy
M. Weiland
Max Planck Society
H. Weisen
Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne (EPFL)
M. Wensing
Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne (EPFL)
M. Wiesenberger
Technical University of Denmark (DTU)
George Wilkie
Chalmers, Physics, Subatomic and Plasma Physics
M. Wischmeier
Max Planck Society
K. Wu
Tuscia University
M. Yoshida
National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology
R. Zagórski
Instytut Problemow Jadrowyc
P. Zanca
Consorzio Rfx
J. Zebrowski
National Centre for Nuclear Research
A. Zisis
University of Athens
M. Zuin
Consorzio Rfx
Nuclear Fusion
0029-5515 (ISSN) 1741-4326 (eISSN)
Vol. 59 11 112023Subject Categories
Energy Engineering
Other Physics Topics
Fusion, Plasma and Space Physics
DOI
10.1088/1741-4326/ab25cb