Physics research on the TCV tokamak facility: From conventional to alternative scenarios and beyond
Artikel i vetenskaplig tidskrift, 2019
The research program of the TCV tokamak ranges from conventional to advanced-tokamak scenarios and alternative divertor configurations, to exploratory plasmas driven by theoretical insight, exploiting the device's unique shaping capabilities. Disruption avoidance by real-time locked mode prevention or unlocking with electron-cyclotron resonance heating (ECRH) was thoroughly documented, using magnetic and radiation triggers. Runaway generation with high-Z noble-gas injection and runaway dissipation by subsequent Ne or Ar injection were studied for model validation. The new 1 MW neutral beam injector has expanded the parameter range, now encompassing ELMy H-modes in an ITER-like shape and nearly non-inductive H-mode discharges sustained by electron cyclotron and neutral beam current drive. In the H-mode, the pedestal pressure increases modestly with nitrogen seeding while fueling moves the density pedestal outwards, but the plasma stored energy is largely uncorrelated to either seeding or fueling. High fueling at high triangularity is key to accessing the attractive small edge-localized mode (type-II) regime. Turbulence is reduced in the core at negative triangularity, consistent with increased confinement and in accord with global gyrokinetic simulations. The geodesic acoustic mode, possibly coupled with avalanche events, has been linked with particle flow to the wall in diverted plasmas. Detachment, scrape-off layer transport, and turbulence were studied in L- and H-modes in both standard and alternative configurations (snowflake, super-X, and beyond). The detachment process is caused by power 'starvation' reducing the ionization source, with volume recombination playing only a minor role. Partial detachment in the H-mode is obtained with impurity seeding and has shown little dependence on flux expansion in standard single-null geometry. In the attached L-mode phase, increasing the outer connection length reduces the in-out heat-flow asymmetry. A doublet plasma, featuring an internal X-point, was achieved successfully, and a transport barrier was observed in the mantle just outside the internal separatrix. In the near future variable-configuration baffles and possibly divertor pumping will be introduced to investigate the effect of divertor closure on exhaust and performance, and 3.5 MW ECRH and 1 MW neutral beam injection heating will be added.
TCV, MST1
tokamak
nuclear fusion
EUROfusion
overview
Författare
S. Coda
Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne (EPFL)
M. Agostini
Consorzio Rfx
R. Albanese
Universita degli Studi di Napoli Federico II
S. Alberti
Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne (EPFL)
E. Alessi
Istituto Di Fisica Del Plasma Piero Caldirola, Milan
S.Y. Allan
Durham University
J.S. Allcock
Durham University
R. Ambrosino
Universita degli Studi di Napoli Parthenope
H. Anand
ITER Organization
Y. Andrebe
Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne (EPFL)
H. Arnichand
Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne (EPFL)
F. Auriemma
Consorzio Rfx
J.M. Ayllon-Guerola
Universidad de Sevilla
F. Bagnato
Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne (EPFL)
J. Ball
Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne (EPFL)
M. Baquero-Ruiz
Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne (EPFL)
A.A. Beletskii
National Science Center
M. Bernert
Max-Planck-Gesellschaft
W. Bin
Istituto Di Fisica Del Plasma Piero Caldirola, Milan
P. Blanchard
Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne (EPFL)
T.C. Blanken
Technische Universiteit Eindhoven
J.A. Boedo
University of California
O. Bogar
Czech Academy of Sciences
T. Bolzonella
Consorzio Rfx
F. Bombarda
ENEA
N. Bonanomi
Universita' degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca
F. Bouquey
Le Commissariat à l’Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives (CEA)
C. Bowman
University of York
D. Brida
Max-Planck-Gesellschaft
J. Bucalossi
Le Commissariat à l’Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives (CEA)
J. Buermans
Koninklijke Militaire School
H. Bufferand
Le Commissariat à l’Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives (CEA)
P. Buratti
ENEA
G. Calabro
Universita degli Studi della Tuscia
L. Calacci
Universita degli Studi di Roma Tor Vergata
Y. Camenen
Physique des Interactions Ioniques et Moleculaires
D. Carnevale
Universita degli Studi di Roma Tor Vergata
F. Carpanese
Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne (EPFL)
M. Carr
Culham Science Centre
L. Carraro
Consorzio Rfx
A. Casolari
Czech Academy of Sciences
F. Causa
Istituto Di Fisica Del Plasma Piero Caldirola, Milan
J. Čeřovský
Czech Academy of Sciences
O. Chellaï
Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne (EPFL)
P. Chmielewski
Instytut Problemow Jadrowyc
D. Choi
Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne (EPFL)
N. Christen
University of Oxford
G. Ciraolo
Le Commissariat à l’Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives (CEA)
L. Cordaro
Consorzio Rfx
S. Costea
University of Innsbruck
N. Cruz
Instituto Superior Tecnico
A. Czarnecka
Instytut Problemow Jadrowyc
A. Dal Molin
Universita' degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca
P. David
Max-Planck-Gesellschaft
J. Decker
Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne (EPFL)
H. De Oliveira
Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne (EPFL)
D. Douai
Le Commissariat à l’Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives (CEA)
M. Dreval
National Science Center
Benjamin Dudson
University of York
M. Dunne
Max-Planck-Gesellschaft
B. Duval
Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne (EPFL)
T. Eich
Max-Planck-Gesellschaft
S.D. Elmore
Culham Science Centre
Ola Embréus
Chalmers, Fysik, Subatomär fysik och plasmafysik
B. Esposito
ENEA
M. Faitsch
Max-Planck-Gesellschaft
M. Farnik
Czech Academy of Sciences
A. Fasoli
Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne (EPFL)
N. Fedorczak
Le Commissariat à l’Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives (CEA)
F Felici
Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne (EPFL)
S. Feng
Universita' degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca
X. Feng
Durham University
G. Ferrò
Universita degli Studi di Roma Tor Vergata
O. Février
Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne (EPFL)
O. Ficker
Czech Academy of Sciences
A. Fil
University of York
M. Fontana
Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne (EPFL)
L. Frassinetti
Kungliga Tekniska Högskolan (KTH)
Ivo Furno
Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne (EPFL)
D. Gahle
University of Strathclyde
D. Galassi
Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne (EPFL)
K. Galazka
Instytut Problemow Jadrowyc
A. Gallo
Le Commissariat à l’Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives (CEA)
C. Galperti
Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne (EPFL)
S. Garavaglia
Istituto Di Fisica Del Plasma Piero Caldirola, Milan
J. Garcia
Le Commissariat à l’Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives (CEA)
M. Garcia-Munoz
Universidad de Sevilla
A.J. Garrido
Universidad del Pais Vasco / Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea
I. Garrido
Universidad del Pais Vasco / Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea
J. Gath
Danmarks Tekniske Universitet (DTU)
B. Geiger
Max-Planck-Gesellschaft
G. Giruzzi
Le Commissariat à l’Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives (CEA)
M. Gobbin
Consorzio Rfx
T. Goodman
Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne (EPFL)
G. Gorini
Universita' degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca
M. Gospodarczyk
Universita degli Studi di Roma Tor Vergata
G. Granucci
Istituto Di Fisica Del Plasma Piero Caldirola, Milan
J.P. Graves
Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne (EPFL)
M. Gruca
Instytut Problemow Jadrowyc
T. Gyergyek
Institut Jožef Stefan
A.H. Hakola
Teknologian Tutkimuskeskus (VTT)
T. Happel
Max-Planck-Gesellschaft
G.F. Harrer
Universität Wien
J.R. Harrison
Culham Science Centre
E. Havličková
Culham Science Centre
J. Hawke
Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne (EPFL)
S.S. Henderson
Culham Science Centre
P. Hennequin
École polytechnique
L. Hesslow
Chalmers, Fysik, Subatomär fysik och plasmafysik
D. Hogeweij
Dutch Institute for Fundamental Energy Research (DIFFER)
J.-Ph. Hogge
Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne (EPFL)
C. Hopf
Max-Planck-Gesellschaft
M. Hoppe
Chalmers, Fysik, Subatomär fysik och plasmafysik
J. Horáček
Czech Academy of Sciences
Z. Huang
Max-Planck-Gesellschaft
A. Hubbard
Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
A. Iantchenko
Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne (EPFL)
V. Igochine
Max-Planck-Gesellschaft
P. Innocente
Consorzio Rfx
C. Ionita Schrittwieser
University of Innsbruck
H. Isliker
Aristotelio Panepistimio Thessalonikis
R. Jacquier
Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne (EPFL)
A. Jardin
Polish Academy of Sciences
A. Kappatou
Max-Planck-Gesellschaft
A. Karpushov
Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne (EPFL)
P.-V. Kazantzidis
National Technical University of Athens (NTUA)
D. Keeling
Culham Science Centre
N. Kirneva
National Research Centre "Kurchatov Institute"
M. Komm
Czech Academy of Sciences
M. Kong
Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne (EPFL)
J. Kovacic
Institut Jožef Stefan
N. Krawczyk
Instytut Problemow Jadrowyc
O. Kudlacek
Max-Planck-Gesellschaft
Taina Kurki-Suonio
Aalto-Yliopisto
R. Kwiatkowski
Narodowe Centrum Badań Jądrowych
B. Labit
Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne (EPFL)
E. Lazzaro
Istituto Di Fisica Del Plasma Piero Caldirola, Milan
B. Linehan
Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
B. Lipschultz
University of York
X. Llobet
Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne (EPFL)
R. Lombroni
Universita degli Studi della Tuscia
V.P. Loschiavo
Universita degli Studi di Napoli Federico II
T. Lunt
Max-Planck-Gesellschaft
E. Macusova
Czech Academy of Sciences
J. Madsen
Danmarks Tekniske Universitet (DTU)
E. Maljaars
Technische Universiteit Eindhoven
P. Mantica
Istituto Di Fisica Del Plasma Piero Caldirola, Milan
Mark Maraschek
Max-Planck-Gesellschaft
C. Marchetto
Istituto Di Fisica Del Plasma Piero Caldirola, Milan
A. Marco
IDOM
A. Mariani
Istituto Di Fisica Del Plasma Piero Caldirola, Milan
C. Marini
General Atomics
Y. Martin
Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne (EPFL)
F. Matos
Max-Planck-Gesellschaft
R. Maurizio
Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne (EPFL)
B. Mavkov
University of Melbourne
D. Mazon
Le Commissariat à l’Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives (CEA)
P. McCarthy
University College Cork
R. McDermott
Max-Planck-Gesellschaft
V. Menkovski
Technische Universiteit Eindhoven
A. Merle
Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne (EPFL)
H.F. Meyer
Culham Science Centre
D. Micheletti
Istituto Di Fisica Del Plasma Piero Caldirola, Milan
F. Militello
Culham Science Centre
K. Mitosinkova
Czech Academy of Sciences
J. Mlynar
Czech Academy of Sciences
V. Moiseenko
National Science Center
P.A. Molina Cabrera
Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne (EPFL)
J. Morales
Le Commissariat à l’Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives (CEA)
J.-M. Moret
Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne (EPFL)
A. Moro
Istituto Di Fisica Del Plasma Piero Caldirola, Milan
R.T. Mumgaard
Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
V Naulin
Danmarks Tekniske Universitet (DTU)
R.D. Nem
Danmarks Tekniske Universitet (DTU)
F. Nespoli
Physique des Interactions Ioniques et Moleculaires
A.H. Nielsen
Danmarks Tekniske Universitet (DTU)
S. K. Nielsen
Danmarks Tekniske Universitet (DTU)
M. Nocente
Universita' degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca
S. Nowak
Istituto Di Fisica Del Plasma Piero Caldirola, Milan
N. Offeddu
Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne (EPFL)
F. Orsitto
Universita degli Studi di Napoli Federico II
R. Paccagnella
Consorzio Rfx
A. Palha
Technische Universiteit Eindhoven
Gergely Papp
Max-Planck-Gesellschaft
A. Pau
Universita degli Studi di Cagliari
R. Pavlichenko
National Science Center
A. Perek
Dutch Institute for Fundamental Energy Research (DIFFER)
V. Pericoli Ridolfini
Instytut Problemow Jadrowyc
F. Pesamosca
Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne (EPFL)
V. Piergotti
ENEA
L. Pigatto
Consorzio Rfx
P. Piovesan
Consorzio Rfx
C. Piron
Consorzio Rfx
V V Plyusnin
Instituto Superior Tecnico
E. Poli
Max-Planck-Gesellschaft
L. Porte
Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne (EPFL)
G. Pucella
ENEA
M.E. Puiatti
Consorzio Rfx
T. Pütterich
Max-Planck-Gesellschaft
M. Rabinski
Narodowe Centrum Badań Jądrowych
J. Juul Rasmussen
Danmarks Tekniske Universitet (DTU)
T. Ravensbergen
Technische Universiteit Eindhoven
M. Reich
Max-Planck-Gesellschaft
H. Reimerdes
Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne (EPFL)
F. Reimold
Forschungszentrum Jülich
C Reux
Le Commissariat à l’Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives (CEA)
D. Ricci
Istituto Di Fisica Del Plasma Piero Caldirola, Milan
Paolo Ricci
Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne (EPFL)
N. Rispoli
Istituto Di Fisica Del Plasma Piero Caldirola, Milan
J. Rosato
Physique des Interactions Ioniques et Moleculaires
S. Saarelma
Culham Science Centre
M. Salewski
Danmarks Tekniske Universitet (DTU)
A. Salmi
Teknologian Tutkimuskeskus (VTT)
O. Sauter
Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne (EPFL)
M. Scheffer
Technische Universiteit Eindhoven
Ch. Schlatter
Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne (EPFL)
B.S. Schneider
University of Innsbruck
R. Schrittwieser
University of Innsbruck
S. E. Sharapov
Culham Science Centre
R.R. Sheeba
Physique des Interactions Ioniques et Moleculaires
U. Sheikh
Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne (EPFL)
R. Shousha
Technische Universiteit Eindhoven
M. Silva
Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne (EPFL)
J. Sinha
ITER Organization
C. Sozzi
Istituto Di Fisica Del Plasma Piero Caldirola, Milan
M. Spolaore
Consorzio Rfx
L. Stipani
Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne (EPFL)
Pär Strand
Chalmers, Rymd-, geo- och miljövetenskap, Astronomi och plasmafysik
T. Tala
Teknologian Tutkimuskeskus (VTT)
A.S. Tema Biwole
Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne (EPFL)
A. Teplukhina
Princeton University
D. Testa
Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne (EPFL)
C. Theiler
Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne (EPFL)
A.J. Thornton
Culham Science Centre
G. Tomaž
Institut Jožef Stefan
M. Tomeš
Czech Academy of Sciences
M.Q. Tran
Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne (EPFL)
C. Tsironis
National Technical University of Athens (NTUA)
C.K. Tsui
Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne (EPFL)
J. Urban
Czech Academy of Sciences
M. Valisa
Consorzio Rfx
M. Vallar
Consorzio Rfx
D. Van Vugt
Technische Universiteit Eindhoven
S. Vartanian
Le Commissariat à l’Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives (CEA)
O. Vasilovici
University of Innsbruck
K. Verhaegh
University of York
L. Vermare
École polytechnique
N. Vianello
Consorzio Rfx
E. Viezzer
Universidad de Sevilla
W.A.J. Vijvers
Dutch Institute for Fundamental Energy Research (DIFFER)
F. Villone
Universita degli Studi di Napoli Federico II
I. Voitsekhovitch
Culham Science Centre
N.M.T. Vu
Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne (EPFL)
N. R. Walkden
Culham Science Centre
T Wauters
Koninklijke Militaire School
M. Weiland
Max-Planck-Gesellschaft
H. Weisen
Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne (EPFL)
M. Wensing
Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne (EPFL)
M. Wiesenberger
Danmarks Tekniske Universitet (DTU)
George Wilkie
Chalmers, Fysik, Subatomär fysik och plasmafysik
M. Wischmeier
Max-Planck-Gesellschaft
K. Wu
Universita degli Studi della Tuscia
M. Yoshida
National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology
R. Zagórski
Instytut Problemow Jadrowyc
P. Zanca
Consorzio Rfx
J. Zebrowski
Narodowe Centrum Badań Jądrowych
A. Zisis
University of Athens
M. Zuin
Consorzio Rfx
Nuclear Fusion
0029-5515 (ISSN) 1741-4326 (eISSN)
Vol. 59 11 112023Ämneskategorier
Energiteknik
Annan fysik
Fusion, plasma och rymdfysik
DOI
10.1088/1741-4326/ab25cb