Phasing out coal for 2 °C target requires worldwide replication of most ambitious national plans despite security and fairness concerns
Journal article, 2023

Ending the use of unabated coal power is a key climate change mitigation measure. However, we do not know how fast it is feasible to phase-out coal on the global scale. Historical experience of individual countries indicates feasible coal phase-out rates, but can these be upscaled to the global level and accelerated by deliberate action? To answer this question, we analyse 72 national coal power phase-out pledges and show that these pledges have diffused to more challenging socio-economic contexts and now cover 17% of the global coal power fleet, but their impact on emissions (up to 4.8 Gt CO2 avoided by 2050) remains small compared to what is needed for achieving Paris climate targets. We also show that the ambition of pledges is similar across countries and broadly in line with historical precedents of coal power decline. While some pledges strengthen over time, up to 10% have been weakened by the energy crisis caused by the Russo-Ukrainian war. We construct scenarios of coal power decline based on empirically-grounded assumptions about future diffusion and ambition of coal phase-out policies. We show that under these assumptions unabated coal power generation in 2022-2050 would be between the median generation in 2 °C-consistent IPCC AR6 pathways and the third quartile in 2.5 °C-consistent pathways. More ambitious coal phase-out scenarios require much stronger effort in Asia than in OECD countries, which raises fairness and equity concerns. The majority of the 1.5 °C- and 2 °C-consistent IPCC pathways envision even more unequal distribution of effort and faster coal power decline in India and China than has ever been historically observed in individual countries or pledged by climate leaders.

energy transitions

policy diffusion

feasibility space

burden sharing

coal phase-out

climate mitigation scenarios

Author

Vadim Vinichenko

Chalmers, Space, Earth and Environment, Physical Resource Theory

Marta Vetier

Central European University

Chalmers, Space, Earth and Environment, Physical Resource Theory

Jessica Jewell

International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis

University of Bergen

Chalmers, Space, Earth and Environment, Physical Resource Theory

Lola Nacke

Chalmers, Space, Earth and Environment, Physical Resource Theory

Aleh Cherp

Central European University

Lund University

Environmental Research Letters

17489318 (ISSN) 17489326 (eISSN)

Vol. 18 1 014031

Subject Categories

Environmental Engineering

Climate Research

DOI

10.1088/1748-9326/acadf6

More information

Latest update

1/3/2024 9