Suppressing Co-Crystallization of Halogenated Non-Fullerene Acceptors for Thermally Stable Ternary Solar Cells
Artikel i vetenskaplig tidskrift, 2020
While photovoltaic blends based on non-fullerene acceptors are touted for their thermal stability, this type of acceptor tends to crystallize, which can result in a gradual decrease in photovoltaic performance and affects the reproducibility of the devices. Two halogenated indacenodithienothiophene-based acceptors that readily co-crystallize upon mixing are studied, which indicates that the use of an acceptor mixture alone does not guarantee the formation of a disordered mixture. The addition of the donor polymer to the acceptor mixture readily suppresses the crystallization, which results in a fine-grained ternary blend with nanometer-sized domains that do not coarsen due to a high Tg ≈ 200 °C. As a result, annealing at temperatures of up to 170 °C does not markedly affect the photovoltaic performance of ternary devices, in contrast to binary devices that suffer from acceptor crystallization in the active layer. The results indicate that the ternary approach enables the use of high-temperature processing protocols, which are needed for upscaling and high-throughput fabrication of organic solar cells. Further, ternary devices display a stable photovoltaic performance at 130 °C for at least 205 h, which indicates that the use of acceptor mixtures allows to fabricate devices with excellent thermal stability.
co-crystals
non-fullerene acceptors
suppressed crystallization
ternary solar cells
glass transition temperatures
Författare
Sandra Hultmark
Chalmers, Kemi och kemiteknik, Tillämpad kemi, Christian Müller Group
Sri Harish Kumar Paleti
King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST)
Albert Harillo
Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC)
Sara Marina
Institute for Polymer Materials, San Sebastian
Basque Foundation for Science (Ikerbasque)
Ferry Nugroho
Chalmers, Fysik, Kemisk fysik
Yanfeng Liu
Linköpings universitet
L. K. E. Ericsson
Karlstads universitet
Ruipeng Li
Brookhaven National Laboratory
Jaime Martín
Institute for Polymer Materials, San Sebastian
Basque Foundation for Science (Ikerbasque)
J. Bergqvist
Linköpings universitet
Christoph Langhammer
Chalmers, Fysik, Kemisk fysik
Fengling Zhang
Linköpings universitet
Liyang Yu
Sichuan University
M. Campoy-Quiles
Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC)
Ellen Moons
Karlstads universitet
Derya Baran
King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST)
Christian Müller
Chalmers, Kemi och kemiteknik, Tillämpad kemi, Christian Müller Group
Advanced Functional Materials
1616-301X (ISSN)
Vol. 30 48 2005462Ämneskategorier
Oorganisk kemi
Keramteknik
Materialkemi
DOI
10.1002/adfm.202005462