Monitoring biofouling as a management tool for reducing toxic antifouling practices in the Baltic Sea
Artikel i vetenskaplig tidskrift, 2020

Over two million leisure boats use the coastal areas of the Baltic Sea for recreational purposes. The majority of these boats are painted with toxic antifouling paints that release biocides into the coastal ecosystems and negatively impact non-targeted species. Regulations concerning the use of antifouling paints differ dramatically between countries bordering the Baltic Sea and most of them lack the support of biological data. In the present study, we collected data on biofouling in 17 marinas along the Baltic Sea coast during three consecutive boating seasons (May–October 2014, 2015 and 2016). In this context, we compared different monitoring strategies and developed a fouling index (FI) to characterise marinas according to the recorded biofouling abundance and type (defined according to the hardness and strength of attachment to the substrate). Lower FI values, i.e. softer and/or less abundant biofouling, were consistently observed in marinas in the northern Baltic Sea. The decrease in FI from the south-western to the northern Baltic Sea was partially explained by the concomitant decrease in salinity. Nevertheless, most of the observed changes in biofouling seemed to be determined by local factors and inter-annual variability, which emphasizes the necessity for systematic monitoring of biofouling by end-users and/or authorities for the effective implementation of non-toxic antifouling alternatives in marinas. Based on the obtained results, we discuss how monitoring programs and other related measures can be used to support adaptive management strategies towards more sustainable antifouling practices in the Baltic Sea.

Benthic communities

Leisure boats

Fouling

Pollution

Coastal management

Biocide

Författare

Anna-Lisa Wrange

RISE Research Institutes of Sweden

IVL Svenska Miljöinstitutet

Francisco R. Barboza

Helmholtz

Joao Ferreira

Stockholms universitet

Ann Kristin Eriksson-Wiklund

Stockholms universitet

Erik Ytreberg

Chalmers, Mekanik och maritima vetenskaper, Maritima studier

Per R. Jonsson

Åbo Akademi

Göteborgs universitet

Burkard Watermann

LimnoMar

Mia Dahlström

RISE Research Institutes of Sweden

Journal of Environmental Management

0301-4797 (ISSN) 1095-8630 (eISSN)

Vol. 264 110447

Ämneskategorier

Ekologi

Annan geovetenskap och miljövetenskap

Miljövetenskap

DOI

10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.110447

Mer information

Senast uppdaterat

2020-09-15