Apertif: Phased array feeds for the Westerbork Synthesis Radio Telescope: System overview and performance characteristics
Artikel i vetenskaplig tidskrift, 2022
We describe the APERture Tile In Focus (Apertif) system, a phased array feed (PAF) upgrade of the Westerbork Synthesis Radio Telescope that transforms this telescope into a high-sensitivity, wide-field-of-view L-band imaging and transient survey instrument. Using novel PAF technology, up to 40 partially overlapping beams are formed on the sky simultaneously, significantly increasing the survey speed of the telescope. With this upgraded instrument, an imaging survey covering an area of 2300 deg2 is being performed that will deliver both continuum and spectral line datasets, of which the first data have been publicly released. In addition, a time domain transient and pulsar survey covering 15 000 deg2 is in progress. An overview of the Apertif science drivers, hardware, and software of the upgraded telescope is presented, along with its key performance characteristics.
Surveys
Instrumentation: interferometers
Telescopes
Författare
W. van Cappellen
Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy (ASTRON)
T. Oosterloo
Rijksuniversiteit Groningen
Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy (ASTRON)
M. A.W. Verheijen
Rijksuniversiteit Groningen
E. A.K. Adams
Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy (ASTRON)
Rijksuniversiteit Groningen
B. Adebahr
Ruhr-Universität Bochum
R. Braun
SKA Organisation
Kelley Michelle Hess
Rijksuniversiteit Groningen
Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy (ASTRON)
H. Holties
Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy (ASTRON)
J. M. van der Hulst
Rijksuniversiteit Groningen
B. Hut
Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy (ASTRON)
E. Kooistra
Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy (ASTRON)
J. van Leeuwen
Anton Pannekoek Institute for Astronomy
Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy (ASTRON)
G. M. Loose
Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy (ASTRON)
R. Morganti
Rijksuniversiteit Groningen
Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy (ASTRON)
V. A. Moss
Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy (ASTRON)
The University of Sydney
Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO)
E. Orrú
Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy (ASTRON)
Mark Ruiter
Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy (ASTRON)
A. P. Schoenmakers
Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy (ASTRON)
N. Vermaas
Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy (ASTRON)
S. J. Wijnholds
Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy (ASTRON)
A. S. Van Amesfoort
Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy (ASTRON)
M. J. Arts
Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy (ASTRON)
J. J. Attema
Netherlands eScience Center
L. Bakker
Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy (ASTRON)
C. G. Bassa
Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy (ASTRON)
J. E. Bast
Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy (ASTRON)
Pieter Benthem
Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy (ASTRON)
R. Beukema
Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy (ASTRON)
R. Blaauw
Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy (ASTRON)
W.J.G. de Blok
Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy (ASTRON)
Rijksuniversiteit Groningen
University of Cape Town
M. Bouwhuis
National Institute for Subatomic Physics (NIKHEF)
R. H. Van Den Brink
Tricas Industrial Design & Engineering
L. Connor
California Institute of Technology (Caltech)
Anton Pannekoek Institute for Astronomy
A. H.W.M. Coolen
Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy (ASTRON)
Sieds Damstra
Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy (ASTRON)
G. van Diepen
Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy (ASTRON)
R. De Goei
Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy (ASTRON)
H. Dénes
Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy (ASTRON)
M. Drost
Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy (ASTRON)
N. Ebbendorf
Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy (ASTRON)
B. S. Frank
University of the Western Cape
South African Radio Astronomy Observatory (SARAO)
University of Cape Town
D. W. Gardenier
Anton Pannekoek Institute for Astronomy
Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy (ASTRON)
M. Gerbers
Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy (ASTRON)
Y. G. Grange
Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy (ASTRON)
T. Grit
Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy (ASTRON)
A.W. Gunst
Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy (ASTRON)
N. Gupta
Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics
Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy (ASTRON)
Marianna Ivashina
Chalmers, Elektroteknik, Kommunikation, Antenner och Optiska Nätverk
G. I.G. Józsa
South African Radio Astronomy Observatory (SARAO)
Rhodes University
Universität Bonn
G. H. Janssen
Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy (ASTRON)
Radboud Universiteit
A. Koster
Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy (ASTRON)
G. H. Kruithof
Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy (ASTRON)
S. J. Kuindersma
Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy (ASTRON)
A. M. Kutkin
Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy (ASTRON)
Russian Academy of Sciences
D. M. Lucero
Rijksuniversiteit Groningen
Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University
Y. Maan
Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy (ASTRON)
F. M. Maccagni
Istituto nazionale di astrofisica (INAF)
J. Van Der Marel
Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy (ASTRON)
Mika
Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy (ASTRON)
J. Morawietz
Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy (ASTRON)
H. Mulder
Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy (ASTRON)
E. Mulder
Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy (ASTRON)
M. J. Norden
Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy (ASTRON)
A. R. Offringa
Rijksuniversiteit Groningen
Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy (ASTRON)
L. C. Oostrum
Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy (ASTRON)
Netherlands eScience Center
Anton Pannekoek Institute for Astronomy
R. E. Overeem
Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy (ASTRON)
Z. Paragi
JOINT INSTITUTE FOR V.L.B.I. IN EUROPE (J.I.V.E.)
H. J. Pepping
Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy (ASTRON)
E. Petroff
Anton Pannekoek Institute for Astronomy
McGill University
D. J. Pisano
West Virginia University
A.G. Polatidis
Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy (ASTRON)
P. Prasad
ASML Netherlands BV
J. P. de Reijer
Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy (ASTRON)
J. W. Romein
Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy (ASTRON)
J. Schaap
Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy (ASTRON)
G. Schoonderbeek
Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy (ASTRON)
R. Schulz
Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy (ASTRON)
D. Van Der Schuur
Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy (ASTRON)
A. Sclocco
Netherlands eScience Center
J. Sluman
Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy (ASTRON)
R. Smits
Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy (ASTRON)
B. W. Stappers
University of Manchester
S. M. Straal
New York University Abu Dhabi
K. J.C. Stuurwold
Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy (ASTRON)
J. Verstappen
Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy (ASTRON)
Rijksuniversiteit Groningen
D. Vohl
Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy (ASTRON)
K. J. Wierenga
Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy (ASTRON)
E. E.M. Woestenburg
Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy (ASTRON)
A. W. Zanting
Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy (ASTRON)
J. Ziemke
Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy (ASTRON)
Universitetet i Oslo
Astronomy and Astrophysics
0004-6361 (ISSN) 1432-0746 (eISSN)
Vol. 658 A146Ämneskategorier (SSIF 2011)
Annan data- och informationsvetenskap
Astronomi, astrofysik och kosmologi
Programvaruteknik
DOI
10.1051/0004-6361/202141739