Shipping and the Environment
Kapitel i bok, 2021

The sea provides the infrastructure for shipping, but it is also a very important part of the natural environment, providing many kinds of ecosystem services to man. More than 90% of international goods transport is performed by sea, and although shipping is the most energy efficient means of transport, it also causes impacts on nature, health, crops, and the built environment. The main part of emissions to air from shipping is related to the fuel. Traditionally, combustion engines using fossil heavy fuel oil (HFO) or diesel oil with emissions of sulfur, nitrogen oxides, particles, and other pollutants have been dominating. In order to decrease environmental impact, “zero emission” fuels and propulsion alternatives have been developed. The impact on the marine environment from, for example, oil spills and use of antifouling coatings on ships are other areas of concern. Shipping has a large challenge in becoming fossil-free and in developing “zero emission” technology in the coming decades.

Marine fuel

Shipping

Environmental impact

Particle emissions

Particularly sensitive areas

Sail propulsion

Nuclear propulsion

Ballast water

sulfur emissions

GHG

NOx emissions

Arctic shipping

oil spills

Författare

Karin Andersson

Chalmers, Mekanik och maritima vetenskaper, Maritima studier

Selma Brynolf

Chalmers, Mekanik och maritima vetenskaper, Maritima studier

Lena Granhag

Chalmers, Mekanik och maritima vetenskaper, Maritima studier

Fredrik Lindgren

Chalmers, Mekanik och maritima vetenskaper, Maritima studier

International Encyclopedia of Transportation: Volume 1-7

Vol. 3 286-293
9780081026724 (ISBN)

Ämneskategorier

Annan maskinteknik

Annan naturresursteknik

Miljöanalys och bygginformationsteknik

Drivkrafter

Hållbar utveckling

Styrkeområden

Transport

DOI

10.1016/B978-0-08-102671-7.10257-X

Mer information

Senast uppdaterat

2024-07-11