Replacement of dietary saturated with unsaturated fatty acids is associated with beneficial effects on lipidome metabolites: a secondary analysis of a randomized trial
Artikel i vetenskaplig tidskrift, 2023

Background: The effects of replacing dietary saturated fatty acids (SFAs) with monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) and/or polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) on the plasma lipidome in relation to the cardiometabolic disease (CMD) risk is poorly understood. Objectives: We aimed to assess the impact of substituting dietary SFAs with unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs) on the plasma lipidome and examine the relationship between lipid metabolites modulated by diet and CMD risk. Methods: Plasma fatty acid (FA) concentrations among 16 lipid classes (within-class FAs) were measured in a subgroup from the Dietary Intervention and VAScular function (DIVAS) parallel randomized controlled trial (n = 113/195), which consisted of three 16-wk diets enriched in SFAs (target SFA:MUFA:n-6PUFA ratio = 17:11:4% total energy [TE]), MUFAs (9:19:4% TE), or a MUFA/PUFA mixture (9:13:10% TE). Similar lipidomics analyses were conducted in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC)-Potsdam study (specific case/cohorts: n = 775/1886 for type 2 diabetes [T2D], n = 551/1671 for cardiovascular disease [CVD]). Multiple linear regression and multivariable Cox models identified within-class FAs sensitive to replacement of dietary SFA with UFA in DIVAS and their association with CMD risk in EPIC-Potsdam. Elastic-net regression models identified within-class FAs associated with changes in CMD risk markers post–DIVAS interventions. Results: DIVAS high-UFA interventions reduced plasma within-class FAs associated with a higher CVD risk in EPIC-Potsdam, especially SFA-containing glycerolipids and sphingolipids (e.g., diacylglycerol (20:0) z-score = −1.08; SE = 0.17; P value < 10−8), whereas they increased those inversely associated with CVD risk. The results on T2D were less clear. Specific sphingolipids and phospholipids were associated with changes in markers of endothelial function and ambulatory blood pressure, whereas higher low-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations were characterized by higher plasma glycerolipids containing lauric and stearic acids. Conclusions: These results suggest a mediating role of plasma lipid metabolites in the association between dietary fat and CMD risk. Future research combining interventional and observational findings will further our understanding of the role of dietary fat in CMD etiology. This trial was registered in ClinicalTrials.gov as NCT01478958.

type 2 diabetes

randomized controlled trial

EPIC-Potsdam

cardiovascular disease

lipidomics

dietary fat

Författare

Laury Sellem

University of Reading

Fabian Eichelmann

Deutsches Institut fur Ernahrungsforschung Potsdam-Rehbrucke (DIfE)

Deutsches Zentrum für Diabetesforschung (DZD)

Kim G. Jackson

University of Reading

Clemens Wittenbecher

Chalmers, Life sciences, Livsmedelsvetenskap

Matthias B. Schulze

Universität Potsdam

Deutsches Institut fur Ernahrungsforschung Potsdam-Rehbrucke (DIfE)

Deutsches Zentrum für Diabetesforschung (DZD)

Julie A. Lovegrove

University of Reading

American Journal of Clinical Nutrition

0002-9165 (ISSN) 19383207 (eISSN)

Vol. 117 6 1248-1261

Ämneskategorier

Kardiologi

Näringslära

DOI

10.1016/j.ajcnut.2023.03.024

PubMed

37062359

Mer information

Senast uppdaterat

2024-03-07