Holistic pedestrian safety assessment for average males and females
Artikel i vetenskaplig tidskrift, 2023

Objective: An integrated assessment framework that enables holistic safety evaluations addressing vulnerable road users (VRU) is introduced and applied in the current study. The developed method enables consideration of both active and passive safety measures and distributions of real-world crash scenario parameters. Methods: The likelihood of a specific virtual testing scenario occurring in real life has been derived from accident databases scaled to European level. Based on pre-crash simulations, it is determined how likely it is that scenarios could be avoided by a specific Autonomous Emergency Braking (AEB) system. For the unavoidable cases, probabilities for specific collision scenarios are determined, and the injury risk for these is determined, subsequently, from in-crash simulations with the VIVA+ Human Body Models combined with the created metamodel for an average male and female model. The integrated assessment framework was applied for the holistic assessment of car-related pedestrian protection using a generic car model to assess the safety benefits of a generic AEB system combined with current passive safety structures. Results: In total, 61,914 virtual testing scenarios have been derived from the different car-pedestrian cases based on real-world crash scenario parameters. Considering the occurrence probability of the virtual testing scenarios, by implementing an AEB, a total crash risk reduction of 81.70% was achieved based on pre-crash simulations. It was shown that 50 in-crash simulations per load case are sufficient to create a metamodel for injury prediction. For the in-crash simulations with the generic vehicle, it was also shown that the injury risk can be reduced by implementing an AEB, as compared to the baseline scenarios. Moreover, as seen in the unavoidable cases, the injury risk for the average male and female is the same for brain injuries and femoral shaft fractures. The average male has a higher risk of skull fractures and fractures of more than three ribs compared to the average female. The average female has a higher risk of proximal femoral fractures than the average male. Conclusions: A novel methodology was developed which allows for movement away from the exclusive use of standard-load case assessments, thus helping to bridge the gap between active and passive safety evaluations.

sex-specific differences

HBM

holistic assessment

pedestrian

passive safety

overall injury assessment

VIVA+

active safety

Författare

Christoph Leo

Technische Universität Graz

Anna M K Fredriksson

Volvo

Ellen Grumert

Statens Väg- och Transportforskningsinstitut (VTI)

Astrid Linder

Chalmers, Mekanik och maritima vetenskaper, Fordonssäkerhet

Statens Väg- och Transportforskningsinstitut (VTI)

Martin Schachner

Technische Universität Graz

Fredrik Tidborg

Volvo

Corina Klug

Technische Universität Graz

Frontiers in Public Health

2296-2565 (eISSN)

Vol. 11 1199949

Open Access Virtual Testing Protocols for Enhanced Road User Safety (VIRTUAL)

Europeiska kommissionen (EU) (EC/H2020/768960), 2018-06-01 -- 2022-05-31.

Ämneskategorier

Teknisk mekanik

Farkostteknik

DOI

10.3389/fpubh.2023.1199949

PubMed

37670838

Mer information

Senast uppdaterat

2023-09-21