LXL: LiDAR Excluded Lean 3D Object Detection with 4D Imaging Radar and Camera Fusion
Artikel i vetenskaplig tidskrift, 2024

As an emerging technology and a relatively affordable device, the 4D imaging radar has already been confirmed effective in performing 3D object detection in autonomous driving. Nevertheless, the sparsity and noisiness of 4D radar point clouds hinder further performance improvement, and in-depth studies about its fusion with other modalities are lacking. On the other hand, as a new image view transformation strategy, “sampling” has been applied in a few image-based detectors and shown to outperform the widely applied “depth-based splatting” proposed in Lift-Splat-Shoot (LSS), even without image depth prediction. However, the potential of “sampling” is not fully unleashed. This paper investigates the “sampling” view transformation strategy on the camera and 4D imaging radar fusion-based 3D object detection. LiDAR Excluded Lean (LXL) model, predicted image depth distribution maps and radar 3D occupancy grids are generated from image perspective view (PV) features and radar bird's eye view (BEV) features, respectively. They are sent to the core of LXL, called “radar occupancy-assisted depth-based sampling”, to aid image view transformation. We demonstrated that more accurate view transformation can be performed by introducing image depths and radar information to enhance the “sampling” strategy. Experiments on VoD and TJ4DRadSet datasets show that the proposed method outperforms the state-of-the-art 3D object detection methods by a significant margin without bells and whistles. Ablation studies demonstrate that our method performs the best among different enhancement settings.

autonomous driving

multi-modal fusion

Cameras

deep learning

Radar imaging

Three-dimensional displays

Radar detection

Feature extraction

4D imaging radar

3D object detection

Radar

camera

Object detection

Författare

Weiyi Xiong

Beihang University

Jianan Liu

Vitalent Consulting

Tao Huang

James Cook University

Qing Long Han

Swinburne University of Technology

Yuxuan Xia

Chalmers, Elektroteknik, Signalbehandling och medicinsk teknik

Bing Zhu

Beihang University

IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Vehicles

23798858 (eISSN)

Vol. 9 1 79-92

Ämneskategorier

Atom- och molekylfysik och optik

Datorseende och robotik (autonoma system)

Annan elektroteknik och elektronik

DOI

10.1109/TIV.2023.3321240

Mer information

Senast uppdaterat

2024-03-15