Roadmap on multivalent batteries

M. R. Palacin; Patrik Johansson; R. Dominko; Ben Dlugatch; Doron Aurbach; Zhenyou Li; Maximilian Fichtner; Olivera Lužanin; J. Bitenc; Zhixuan Wei; Clarissa Glaser; Jürgen Janek; Ana Fernández-Barquín; Aroa R. Mainar; Olatz Leonet; Idoia Urdampilleta; J. Alberto Blázquez; D. S. Tchitchekova; A. Ponrouch; Pieremanuele Canepa; Gopalakrishnan Sai Gautam; Raúl San Román Gallego Casilda; Cynthia S. Martinez-Cisneros; Nieves Ureña Torres; Alejandro Varez; Jean Yves Sanchez; Kostiantyn V. Kravchyk; Maksym V. Kovalenko; Anastasia A. Teck; Huw Shiel; Ifan E. L. Stephens; Mary P. Ryan; Eugen Zemlyanushin; Sonia Dsoke; Rebecca Grieco; Nagaraj Patil; Rebeca Marcilla; Xuan Gao; Claire J. Carmalt; Guanjie He; Maria Magdalena Titirici

doi:10.1088/2515-7655/ad34fc

Roadmap on multivalent batteries
Reviewartikel, 2024

Battery technologies based in multivalent charge carriers with ideally two or three electrons transferred per ion exchanged between the electrodes have large promises in raw performance numbers, most often expressed as high energy density, and are also ideally based on raw materials that are widely abundant and less expensive. Yet, these are still globally in their infancy, with some concepts (e.g. Mg metal) being more technologically mature. The challenges to address are derived on one side from the highly polarizing nature of multivalent ions when compared to single valent concepts such as Li+ or Na+ present in Li-ion or Na-ion batteries, and on the other, from the difficulties in achieving efficient metal plating/stripping (which remains the holy grail for lithium). Nonetheless, research performed to date has given some fruits and a clearer view of the challenges ahead. These include technological topics (production of thin and ductile metal foil anodes) but also chemical aspects (electrolytes with high conductivity enabling efficient plating/stripping) or high-capacity cathodes with suitable kinetics (better inorganic hosts for intercalation of such highly polarizable multivalent ions). This roadmap provides an extensive review by experts in the different technologies, which exhibit similarities but also striking differences, of the current state of the art in 2023 and the research directions and strategies currently underway to develop multivalent batteries. The aim is to provide an opinion with respect to the current challenges, potential bottlenecks, and also emerging opportunities for their practical deployment.

energy storage

batteries

multivalent

multivalent batteries

Författare

M. R. Palacin

Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)

Patrik Johansson

Chalmers, Fysik, Materialfysik

Centre national de la recherche scientifique (CNRS)

Forskning Andra publikationer

R. Dominko

Centre national de la recherche scientifique (CNRS)

Kemijski Inštitut

Univerza V Ljubljani

Ben Dlugatch

Bar-Ilan University

Doron Aurbach

Bar-Ilan University

Zhenyou Li

Helmholtz

Chinese Academy of Sciences

Maximilian Fichtner

Helmholtz

Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT)

Olivera Lužanin

Kemijski Inštitut

Univerza V Ljubljani

J. Bitenc

Univerza V Ljubljani

Kemijski Inštitut

Zhixuan Wei

Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen

Clarissa Glaser

Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen

Jürgen Janek

Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen

Ana Fernández-Barquín

Centro de Investigacion Tecnológica En Electroquimica

Aroa R. Mainar

Centro de Investigacion Tecnológica En Electroquimica

Olatz Leonet

Centro de Investigacion Tecnológica En Electroquimica

Idoia Urdampilleta

Centro de Investigacion Tecnológica En Electroquimica

J. Alberto Blázquez

Centro de Investigacion Tecnológica En Electroquimica

D. S. Tchitchekova

Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)

A. Ponrouch

Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)

Pieremanuele Canepa

Universiti Kebangsaan Singapura (NUS)