Acceptance Tests of more than 10 000 Photomultiplier Tubes for the multi-PMT Digital Optical Modules of the IceCube Upgrade
Artikel i vetenskaplig tidskrift, 2024
More than 10 000 photomultiplier tubes (PMTs) with a diameter of 80 mm will be installed in multi-PMT Digital Optical Modules (mDOMs) of the IceCube Upgrade. These have been tested and pre-calibrated at two sites. A throughput of more than 1000 PMTs per week with both sites was achieved with a modular design of the testing facilities and highly automated testing procedures. The testing facilities can easily be adapted to other PMTs, such that they can, e.g., be re-used for testing the PMTs for IceCube-Gen2. Single photoelectron response, high voltage dependence, time resolution, prepulse, late pulse, afterpulse probabilities, and dark rates were measured for each PMT. We describe the design of the testing facilities, the testing procedures, and the results of the acceptance tests.
others)
HPDs
visible and IR photons (vacuum) (photomultipliers
Cherenkov detectors; Neutrino detectors; Photon detectors for UV
Författare
R. Abbasi
Loyola University of Chicago
M. Ackermann
Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY)
J. Adams
University of Canterbury
S. K. Agarwalla
Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center
J.A. Aguilar
Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB)
M. Ahlers
Niels Bohr Institute
J. M. Alameddine
Technische Universität Dortmund
N.M. Amin
University of Delaware
K. Andeen
Marquette University
G. Anton
Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen Nurnberg (FAU)
C. Argüelles
Harvard University
Y. Ashida
University of Utah
S. Athanasiadou
Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY)
L. Ausborm
RWTH Aachen University
S. N. Axani
University of Delaware
X. Bai
South Dakota School of Mines & Technology
A. V. Balagopal
M. Baricevic
Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center
S.W. Barwick
University of California at Irvine (UCI)
S. Bash
Technische Universität München
V. Basu
Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center
R. Bay
University of California
J.J. Beatty
Ohio State University
Julia Tjus
Ruhr-Universität Bochum
J. Beise
Uppsala universitet
C. Bellenghi
Technische Universität München
C. Benning
RWTH Aachen University
S. Benzvi
University of Rochester
D. Berley
College of Computer, Mathematical, & Natural Sciences
E. Bernardini
Università di Padova
D. Z. Besson
University of Kansas
E. Blaufuss
College of Computer, Mathematical, & Natural Sciences
L. Bloom
University of Alabama
S. Blot
Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY)
F. Bontempo
Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT)
J.Y. Book Motzkin
Harvard University
C. Boscolo Meneguolo
Università di Padova
S. Böser
Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz
O. Botner
Uppsala universitet
J. Böttcher
RWTH Aachen University
J. Braun
Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center
B. Brinson
Georgia Institute of Technology
J. Brostean-Kaiser
Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY)
L. Brusa
RWTH Aachen University
R. T. Burley
University of Adelaide
D. Butterfield
Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center
M.A. Campana
Drexel University
I. Caracas
Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz
K. Carloni
Harvard University
J. Carpio
University of Nevada, Las Vegas
S. Chattopadhyay
Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center
N. Chau
Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB)
Z. Chen
Stony Brook University
D. Chirkin
Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center
S. Choi
Sungkyunkwan University
B.A. Clark
College of Computer, Mathematical, & Natural Sciences
A. Coleman
Uppsala universitet
G.H. Collin
Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
A. Connolly
Ohio State University
J.M. Conrad
Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
P. Coppin
Vrije Universiteit Brüssel (VUB)
R. Corley
University of Utah
P. Correa
Vrije Universiteit Brüssel (VUB)
D. F. Cowen
Pennsylvania State University
P. Dave
Georgia Institute of Technology
C. De Clercq
Vrije Universiteit Brüssel (VUB)
J.J. Delaunay
University of Alabama
D. Delgado
Harvard University
S. Deng
RWTH Aachen University
A. Desai
Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center
P. Desiati
Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center
K. D. De Vries
Vrije Universiteit Brüssel (VUB)
G. De Wasseige
Universite catholique de Louvain
T. Deyoung
Michigan State University
A. Diaz
Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
J. C. Díaz-Vélez
Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center
P. Dierichs
RWTH Aachen University
M. Dittmer
Universität Münster
A. Domi
Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen Nurnberg (FAU)
L. Draper
University of Utah
H. Dujmovic
Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center
K. Dutta
Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz
M. A. Duvernois
Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center
T. Ehrhardt
Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz
L. Eidenschink
Technische Universität München
A. Eimer
Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen Nurnberg (FAU)
P. Eller
Technische Universität München
E. Ellinger
Bergische Universität Wuppertal
S. El Mentawi
RWTH Aachen University
D. Elsaesser
Technische Universität Dortmund
R. Engel
Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT)
H. Erpenbeck
Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center
J. Evans
College of Computer, Mathematical, & Natural Sciences
P.A. Evenson
University of Delaware
K.L. Fan
College of Computer, Mathematical, & Natural Sciences
K. Fang
Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center
K. Farrag
Chiba University
A. R. Fazely
Southern University and A&M College
A. Fedynitch
Academia Sinica
N. Feigl
Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
S. Fiedlschuster
Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen Nurnberg (FAU)
C. Finley
Oskar Klein Centre
L. Fischer
Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY)
D. Fox
Pennsylvania State University
A. Franckowiak
Ruhr-Universität Bochum
S. Fukami
Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY)
P. Fürst
RWTH Aachen University
J. S. Gallagher III
University of Wisconsin Madison
E. Ganster
RWTH Aachen University
A. Garcia
Harvard University
M. Garcia
University of Delaware
G. Garg
Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center
E. Genton
Harvard University
L. Gerhardt
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
A. Ghadimi
University of Alabama
C. Girard-Carillo
Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz
C. Glaser
Uppsala universitet
T. Glüsenkamp
Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen Nurnberg (FAU)
J.G. Gonzalez
University of Delaware
S. Goswami
University of Nevada, Las Vegas
A. Granados
Michigan State University
D. Grant
Michigan State University
S.J. Gray
College of Computer, Mathematical, & Natural Sciences
O. Gries
RWTH Aachen University
S. Griffin
Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center
S. Griswold
University of Rochester
K.M. Groth
Niels Bohr Institute
C. Günther
RWTH Aachen University
P. Gutjahr
Technische Universität Dortmund
C. Ha
Chung-Ang University
C. Haack
Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen Nurnberg (FAU)
A. Hallgren
Uppsala universitet
R. Halliday
Michigan State University
L. Halve
RWTH Aachen University
F. Halzen
Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center
H. Hamdaoui
Stony Brook University
M. Ha Minh
Technische Universität München
M. Handt
RWTH Aachen University
K. Hanson
Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center
J. Hardin
Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
A.A. Harnisch
Michigan State University
P. Hatch
Queen's University
A. Haungs
Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT)
J. Häußler
RWTH Aachen University
K. Helbing
Bergische Universität Wuppertal
J. Hellrung
Ruhr-Universität Bochum
J. Hermannsgabner
RWTH Aachen University
L. Heuermann
RWTH Aachen University
N. Heyer
Uppsala universitet
S. Hickford
Bergische Universität Wuppertal
A. Hidvegi
Oskar Klein Centre
C. Hill
Chiba University
G.C. Hill
University of Adelaide
K.D. Hoffman
College of Computer, Mathematical, & Natural Sciences
S. Hori
Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center
K. Hoshina
Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center
M. Hostert
Harvard University
W. Hou
Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT)
T. Huber
Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT)
K. Hultqvist
Oskar Klein Centre
M. Hünnefeld
Technische Universität Dortmund
R. Hussain
Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center
K. Hymon
Technische Universität Dortmund
A. Ishihara
Chiba University
W. Iwakiri
Chiba University
M. Jacquart
Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center
O. Janik
Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen Nurnberg (FAU)
M. Jansson
Oskar Klein Centre
G.S. Japaridze
Clark Atlanta University
M. Jeong
University of Utah
M. Jin
Harvard University
B.J.P. Jones
University of Texas at Arlington
R. Joppe
RWTH Aachen University
N. Kamp
Harvard University
D. Kang
Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT)
W. Kang
Sungkyunkwan University
X. Kang
Drexel University
A. Kappes
Universität Münster
D. Kappesser
Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz
L. Kardum
Technische Universität Dortmund
T. Karg
Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY)
M. Karl
Technische Universität München
A. Karle
Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center
A. Katil
University of Alberta
U. Katz
Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen Nurnberg (FAU)
M. Kauer
Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center
J.L. Kelley
Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center
M. Khanal
University of Utah
A. Khatee Zathul
Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center
A. Kheirandish
University of Nevada, Las Vegas
J. Kiryluk
Stony Brook University
A. Kochocki
Michigan State University
R. Koirala
University of Delaware
H. Kolanoski
Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
T. Kontrimas
Technische Universität München
L. Köpke
Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz
C. Kopper
Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen Nurnberg (FAU)
D.J. Koskinen
Niels Bohr Institute
M. Kossatz
Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY)
P. Koundal
University of Delaware
M. Kovacevich
Drexel University
M. Kowalski
Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
T. Kozynets
Niels Bohr Institute
J. Krishnamoorthi
Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center
K. Kruiswijk
Universite catholique de Louvain
E. Krupczak
Michigan State University
A. Kumar
Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY)
Emma Kun
Ruhr-Universität Bochum
N. Kurahashi
Drexel University
N. Lad
Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY)
C. Lagunas Gualda
Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY)
M. Lamoureux
Universite catholique de Louvain
M.J. Larson
College of Computer, Mathematical, & Natural Sciences
S. Latseva
RWTH Aachen University
F. Lauber
Bergische Universität Wuppertal
J.P. Lazar
Universite catholique de Louvain
J.W. Lee
Sungkyunkwan University
K. Leonard Deholton
Eberly College of Science
A. Leszczyńska
University of Delaware
J. Liao
Georgia Institute of Technology
M. Lincetto
Ruhr-Universität Bochum
Y. Liu
Eberly College of Science
M. Liubarska
University of Alberta
E. Lohfink
Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz
C. Love
Drexel University
C.J. Lozano Mariscal
Universität Münster
L. Lu
Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center
F. Lucarelli
Université de Genève
W. Luszczak
Ohio State University
Y. Lyu
University of California
J. Madsen
Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center
E. Magnus
Vrije Universiteit Brüssel (VUB)
K.B.M. Mahn
Michigan State University
Y. Makino
Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center
E. Manao
Technische Universität München
S. Mancina
Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center
W. Marie Sainte
Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center
I.C. Mariş
Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB)
S. Marka
Columbia University
Z. Marka
Columbia University
M. Marsee
University of Alabama
I. Martinez-Soler
Harvard University
R. Maruyama
Yale University
F. Mayhew
Michigan State University
F. McNally
Mercer University
J.V. Mead
Niels Bohr Institute
K. Meagher
Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center
S. Mechbal
Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY)
A. Medina
Ohio State University
M. Meier
Chiba University
Y. Merckx
Vrije Universiteit Brüssel (VUB)
L. Merten
Ruhr-Universität Bochum
J. Micallef
Michigan State University
J. Mitchell
Southern University and A&M College
T. Montaruli
Université de Genève
R. W. Moore
University of Alberta
Y. Morii
Chiba University
R. Morse
Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center
M. Moulai
Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center
T. Mukherjee
Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT)
R. Naab
Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY)
R. Nagai
Chiba University
M. Nakos
Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center
U. Naumann
Bergische Universität Wuppertal
J. Necker
Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY)
A. Negi
University of Texas at Arlington
L. Neste
Oskar Klein Centre
M. Neumann
Universität Münster
H. Niederhausen
Michigan State University
M.U. Nisa
Michigan State University
K. Noda
Chiba University
A. Noell
RWTH Aachen University
A. Novikov
University of Delaware
A. Obertacke Pollmann
Chiba University
V. O’Dell
Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center
B. Oeyen
Universiteit Gent
A. Olivas
College of Computer, Mathematical, & Natural Sciences
R. Orsoe
Technische Universität München
J. Osborn
Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center
E. O'Sullivan
Uppsala universitet
H. Pandya
University of Delaware
N. Park
Queen's University
G.K. Parker
University of Texas at Arlington
E.N. Paudel
University of Delaware
L. Paul
South Dakota School of Mines & Technology
C. Pérez de los Heros
Uppsala universitet
T. Pernice
Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY)
J. Peterson
Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center
S. Philippen
RWTH Aachen University
A. Pizzuto
Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center
M. Plum
South Dakota School of Mines & Technology
A. Pontén
Uppsala universitet
Y. Popovych
Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz
M. Prado Rodriguez
Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center
B. Pries
Michigan State University
R. Procter-Murphy
College of Computer, Mathematical, & Natural Sciences
G.T. Przybylski
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
C. Raab
Universite catholique de Louvain
J. Rack-Helleis
Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz
M. Ravn
Uppsala universitet
K. Rawlins
University of Alaska Anchorage
Z. Rechav
Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center
A. Rehman
University of Delaware
P. Reichherzer
Ruhr-Universität Bochum
E. Resconi
Technische Universität München
S. Reusch
Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY)
W. Rhode
Technische Universität Dortmund
B. Riedel
Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center
A. Rifaie
RWTH Aachen University
E.J. Roberts
University of Adelaide
S. Robertson
University of California
S. Rodan
Sungkyunkwan University
G. Roellinghoff
Sungkyunkwan University
M. Rongen
Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen Nurnberg (FAU)
A. Rosted
Chiba University
C. Rott
University of Utah
T. Ruhe
Technische Universität Dortmund
L. Ruohan
Technische Universität München
D. Ryckbosch
Universiteit Gent
I. Safa
Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center
J. Saffer
Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT)
D. Salazar-Gallegos
Michigan State University
P. Sampathkumar
Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT)
A. Sandrock
Bergische Universität Wuppertal
M. Santander
University of Alabama
S. Sarkar
University of Alberta
S. Sarkar
University of Oxford
J. Savelberg
RWTH Aachen University
P. Savina
Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center
P. Schaile
Technische Universität München
M. Schaufel
RWTH Aachen University
H. Schieler
Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT)
S. Schindler
Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen Nurnberg (FAU)
B. Schlüter
Universität Münster
F. Schlüter
Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB)
N. Schmeisser
Bergische Universität Wuppertal
T. Schmidt
College of Computer, Mathematical, & Natural Sciences
J. Schneider
Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen Nurnberg (FAU)
F.G. Schröder
Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT)
L. Schumacher
Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen Nurnberg (FAU)
S. Sclafani
College of Computer, Mathematical, & Natural Sciences
D. Seckel
University of Delaware
M. Seikh
University of Kansas
M. Seo
Sungkyunkwan University
S. Seunarine
University of Wisconsin
P. Sevle Myhr
Universite catholique de Louvain
R. Shah
Drexel University
S. Shefali
Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT)
N. Shimizu
Chiba University
M. Silva
Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center
B. Skrzypek
University of California
B. Smithers
University of Texas at Arlington
R. Snihur
Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center
J. Soedingrekso
Technische Universität Dortmund
A. Søgaard
Niels Bohr Institute
D. Soldin
University of Utah
P. Soldin
RWTH Aachen University
G. Sommani
Ruhr-Universität Bochum
C. Spannfellner
Technische Universität München
G.M. Spiczak
University of Wisconsin
C. Spiering
Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY)
M. Stamatikos
Ohio State University
T. Stanev
University of Delaware
T. Stezelberger
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
T. Stürwald
Bergische Universität Wuppertal
T. Stuttard
Niels Bohr Institute
K.H. Sulanke
Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY)
G.W. Sullivan
College of Computer, Mathematical, & Natural Sciences
I. Taboada
Georgia Institute of Technology
S. Ter-Antonyan
Southern University and A&M College
A. Terliuk
Technische Universität München
M. Thiesmeyer
RWTH Aachen University
W.G. Thompson
Harvard University
J. Thwaites
Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center
S. Tilav
University of Delaware
K. Tollefson
Michigan State University
C. Tönnis
Sungkyunkwan University
S. Toscano
Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB)
D. Tosi
Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center
A. Trettin
Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY)
R. Turcotte
Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT)
J.P. Twagirayezu
Michigan State University
M.A. Unland Elorrieta
Universität Münster
A.K. Upadhyay
Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center
K. Upshaw
Southern University and A&M College
A. Vaidyanathan
Marquette University
N. Valtonen-Mattila
Uppsala universitet
J. Vandenbroucke
Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center
N. Van Eijndhoven
Vrije Universiteit Brüssel (VUB)
D. Vannerom
Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
J. Van Santen
Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY)
J. Vara
Universität Münster
J. Veitch-Michaelis
Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center
M. Venugopal
Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT)
M. Vereecken
Universite catholique de Louvain
S. Verpoest
University of Delaware
D. Veske
Columbia University
A. Vijai
College of Computer, Mathematical, & Natural Sciences
C. Walck
Oskar Klein Centre
A. Wang
Georgia Institute of Technology
C. Weaver
Michigan State University
P. Weigel
Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
A. Weindl
Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT)
J. Weldert
Eberly College of Science
A.Y. Wen
Harvard University
C. Wendt
Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center
J. Werthebach
Technische Universität Dortmund
M. Weyrauch
Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT)
Nathan Whitehorn
Michigan State University
C.H. Wiebusch
RWTH Aachen University
D.R. Williams
University of Alabama
L. Witthaus
Technische Universität Dortmund
A. Wolf
RWTH Aachen University
M. Wolf
Technische Universität München
G. Wrede
Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen Nurnberg (FAU)
X.W. Xu
Southern University and A&M College
J.P. Yanez
University of Alberta
E. Yildizci
Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center
S. Yoshida
Chiba University
R. Young
University of Kansas
S. Yu
University of Utah
T. Yuan
Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center
Z. Zhang
Stony Brook University
P. Zhelnin
Harvard University
P. Zilberman
Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center
M. Zimmerman
Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center
Journal of Instrumentation
17480221 (eISSN)
Vol. 19 7 P07038Ämneskategorier
Acceleratorfysik och instrumentering
DOI
10.1088/1748-0221/19/07/P07038