The MOPYS project: A survey of 70 planets in search of extended He I and H atmospheres No evidence of enhanced evaporation in young planets
Artikel i vetenskaplig tidskrift, 2024
During the first billion years of their life, exoplanet atmospheres are modified by different atmospheric escape phenomena that can strongly affect the shape and morphology of the exoplanet itself. These processes can be studied with Lyα, Hα, and/or He I triplet observations. We present high-resolution spectroscopy observations from CARMENES and GIARPS checking for He I and Hα signals in 20 exoplanetary atmospheres: V1298 Tau c, K2-100 b, HD 63433 b, HD 63433 c, HD 73583 b, HD 73583 c, K2-77 b, TOI-2076 b, TOI-2048 b, HD 235088 b, TOI-1807 b, TOI-1136 d, TOI-1268 b, TOI-1683 b, TOI-2018 b, MASCARA-2 b, WASP-189 b, TOI-2046 b, TOI-1431 b, and HAT-P-57 b. We report two new high-resolution spectroscopy He I detections for TOI-1268 b and TOI-2018 b, and a Hα detection for TOI-1136 d. Furthermore, we detect hints of He I for HD 63433 b, and Hα for HD 73583 b and c, which need to be confirmed. The aim of the Measuring Out-flows in Planets orbiting Young Stars (MOPYS) project is to understand the evaporating phenomena and test their predictions from the current observations. We compiled a list of 70 exoplanets with He I and/or Hα observations, from this work and the literature, and we considered the He I and Hα results as proxy for atmospheric escape. Our principal results are that 0.1–1 Gyr planets do not exhibit more He I or Hα detections than older planets, and evaporation signals are more frequent for planets orbiting ∼1–3 Gyr stars. We provide new constraints to the cosmic shoreline, the empirical division between rocky planets and planets with atmosphere, by using the evaporation detections and we explore the capabilities of a new dimensionless parameter, RHe/RHill, to explain the He I triplet detections. Furthermore, we present a statistically significant upper boundary for the He I triplet detections in the Teq versus ρp parameter space. Planets located above that boundary are unlikely to show He I absorption signals.
planets and satellites: gaseous planets
planets and satellites: atmospheres
satellites: physical evolution
planets
techniques: photometric
techniques: radial velocities
Författare
J. Orell-Miquel
Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias
Universidad de la Laguna
F. Murgas
Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias
Universidad de la Laguna
Enric Palle
Universidad de la Laguna
Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias
M. Mallorquín
Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias
Universidad de la Laguna
M. Lopez-Puertas
Instituto de Astrofisica de Andalucía (IAA)
M. Lampon
Instituto de Astrofisica de Andalucía (IAA)
J. Sanz-Forcada
Centro de Astrobiologia (CAB)
L. Nortmann
Georg-August-Universität Göttingen
S. Czesla
Thüringer Landessternwarte Tautenburg
E. Nagel
Georg-August-Universität Göttingen
I. Ribas
Institut de Ciències de l'Espai (ICE) - CSIC
Institut d'Estudis Espacials de Catalunya (IEEC)
M. Stangret
Istituto nazionale di astrofisica (INAF)
J.H. Livingston
National Astronomical Observatory of Japan
The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI)
National Institutes of Natural Sciences
Emil Knudstrup
Aarhus Universitet
Chalmers, Rymd-, geo- och miljövetenskap, Astronomi och plasmafysik
Simon Albrecht
Aarhus Universitet
Ilaria Carleo
Universidad de la Laguna
Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias
J. A. Caballero
Centro de Astrobiologia (CAB)
Fei Dai
California Institute of Technology (Caltech)
E. Esparza-Borges
Universidad de la Laguna
Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias
A. Fukui
Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias
University of Tokyo
Kevin Heng
Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München (LMU)
T. Henning
Max-Planck-Gesellschaft
T. Kagetani
University of Tokyo
F. Lesjak
Georg-August-Universität Göttingen
Jerome P. De Leon
University of Tokyo
D. Montes
IPARCOS-UCM (Instituto de Física de Partículas y del Cosmos)
Giuseppe Morello
Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias
Chalmers, Rymd-, geo- och miljövetenskap, Astronomi och plasmafysik
Norio Narita
University of Tokyo
National Institutes of Natural Sciences
Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias
A. Quirrenbach
Landessternwarte Heidelberg-Königstuhl
P. J. Amado
Instituto de Astrofisica de Andalucía (IAA)
A. Reiners
Georg-August-Universität Göttingen
A. Schweitzer
Universität Hamburg
J. I. Vico Linares
Calar Alto Astronomical Observatory
Astronomy and Astrophysics
0004-6361 (ISSN) 1432-0746 (eISSN)
Vol. 689 A179Ämneskategorier
Astronomi, astrofysik och kosmologi
DOI
10.1051/0004-6361/202449411