The ALMA-CRISTAL Survey: Weak Evidence for Star-formation-driven Outflows in z ∼ 5 Main-sequence Galaxies
Artikel i vetenskaplig tidskrift, 2025
There is a broad consensus from theory that stellar feedback in galaxies at high redshifts is essential to their evolution, alongside conflicting evidence in the observational literature about its prevalence and efficacy. To this end, we utilize deep, high-resolution [C II] emission-line data taken as part of the [C II] resolved interstellar medium (ISM) in star-forming galaxies with the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (CRISTAL) survey. Excluding sources with kinematic evidence for gravitational interactions, we perform a rigorous stacking analysis of the remaining 15 galaxies to search for broad emission features that are too weak to detect in the individual spectra, finding only weak evidence that a broad component is needed to explain the composite spectrum. Additionally, such evidence is mostly driven by CRISTAL-02, which is already known to exhibit strong outflows in multiple ISM phases. Interpreting modest residuals in the stack at v ∼ 300 km s−1 as an outflow, we derive a mass outflow rate of M ̇ out = 26 ± 11 M⊙ yr−1 and a cold outflow mass-loading factor of ηm = 0.49 ± 0.20. This result holds for the subsample with the highest star formation rate surface density (ΣSFR > 1.93 M⊙ yr−1 kpc−2), but no such broad component is present in the composite of the lower-star-formation-rate density subsample. Our results imply that the process of star-formation-driven feedback may already be in place in typical galaxies at z = 5, but on average are not strong enough to completely quench ongoing star formation.
Författare
Jack E. Birkin
Texas A&M University
Justin Spilker
Texas A&M University
R. Herrera-Camus
Universidad de Concepción
Rebecca L. Davies
ARC Centre of Excellence for All-sky Astrophysics (CAASTRO)
Swinburne University of Technology
Lilian L. Lee
Max-Planck-Gesellschaft
Manuel Aravena
Millenium Nucleus for Galaxies (MINGAL)
Universidad Diego Portales
Roberto Assef
Universidad Diego Portales
Loreto Barcos-Munoz
National Radio Astronomy Observatory
University of Virginia
A. Bolatto
University of Maryland
T. Diaz-Santos
European University Cyprus
Idryma Technologias kai Erevnas (FORTH)
A. Faisst
California Institute of Technology (Caltech)
Andrea Ferrara
Scuola Normale Superiore di Pisa
Deanne B. Fisher
ARC Centre of Excellence for All-sky Astrophysics (CAASTRO)
Swinburne University of Technology
J. González-López
Las Campanas Observatory
Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile
Ryota Ikeda
National Astronomical Observatory of Japan
The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI)
Kirsten Knudsen
Chalmers, Rymd-, geo- och miljövetenskap, Astronomi och plasmafysik
Juno Li
University of Western Australia
Yuan Li
Texas A&M University
I. De Looze
Universiteit Gent
D. Lutz
Max-Planck-Gesellschaft
Ikki Mitsuhashi
National Astronomical Observatory of Japan
University of Tokyo
Ana Posses
Texas A&M University
M. Relano
Universidad de Granada
Manuel Solimano
Universidad Diego Portales
Ken Ichi Tadaki
Hokkai Gakuen University
National Astronomical Observatory of Japan
Vicente Villanueva
Universidad de Concepción
Astrophysical Journal
0004-637X (ISSN) 1538-4357 (eISSN)
Vol. 985 2 243Ämneskategorier (SSIF 2025)
Atom- och molekylfysik och optik
Astronomi, astrofysik och kosmologi
DOI
10.3847/1538-4357/adced3