Overview of microbial risks in water distribution networks and their health consequences: quantification, modelling, trends, and future implications
Review article, 2019

The water distribution network (WDN) is usually the final physical barrier preventing contamination of the drinking water before it reaches consumers. Because the WDN is at the end of the supply chain, and often with limited online water quality monitoring, the probability of an incident to be detected and remediated in time is low. Microbial risks that can affect the distribution network are: intrusion, cross-connections and backflows, inadequate management of reservoirs, improper main pipe repair and (or) maintenance work, and biofilms. Epidemiological investigations have proven that these risks have been sources of waterborne outbreaks. Increasingly since the 1990s, studies have also indicated that the contribution of these risks to the endemic level of disease is not negligible. To address the increasing health risks associated to WDNs, researchers have developed tools for risk quantification and risk management. This review aims to present the recent advancements in the field involving epidemiological investigations, use of quantitative microbial risk assessment (QMRA) for modelling, risk mitigation, and decision-support. Increasing the awareness of the progress achieved, but also of the limitations and challenges faced, will aid in accelerating the implementation of QMRA tools for WDN risk management and as a decision-support tool.

quantitative microbial risk assessment (QMRA)

gastrointestinal illness

water distribution network

waterborne outbreak

microbial risk

Author

Victor Vinas

Chalmers, Architecture and Civil Engineering, Water Environment Technology

DRICKS - Framework programme for drinking water research at Chalmers

Annika Malm

Chalmers, Architecture and Civil Engineering, Water Environment Technology

RISE Research Institutes of Sweden

Thomas Pettersson

Chalmers, Architecture and Civil Engineering, Water Environment Technology

Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering

0315-1468 (ISSN) 1208-6029 (eISSN)

Vol. 46 3 149-159

Subject Categories

Civil Engineering

Water Engineering

DOI

10.1139/cjce-2018-0216

More information

Latest update

7/9/2021 7