Proteome reallocation from amino acid biosynthesis to ribosomes enables yeast to grow faster in rich media

Johan Björkeroth; Kate Campbell; Carl Malina; Rosemary Yu; Francesca Di Bartolomeo; Jens B Nielsen

doi:10.1073/pnas.1921890117

Proteome reallocation from amino acid biosynthesis to ribosomes enables yeast to grow faster in rich media
Journal article, 2020

Several recent studies have shown that the concept of proteome constraint, i.e., the need for the cell to balance allocation of its proteome between different cellular processes, is essential for ensuring proper cell function. However, there have been no attempts to elucidate how cells' maximum capacity to grow depends on protein availability for different cellular processes. To experimentally address this, we cultivated Saccharomyces cerevisiae in bioreactors with or without amino acid supplementation and performed quantitative proteomics to analyze global changes in proteome allocation, during both anaerobic and aerobic growth on glucose. Analysis of the proteomic data implies that proteome mass is mainly reallocated from amino acid biosynthetic processes into translation, which enables an increased growth rate during supplementation. Similar findings were obtained from both aerobic and anaerobic cultivations. Our findings show that cells can increase their growth rate through increasing its proteome allocation toward the protein translational machinery.

metabolic engineering

protein translation

amino acid metabolism

systems biology