Towards a Comprehensive Evaluation of the Environmental and Health Impacts of Shipping Emissions
Paper in proceeding, 2022
We present a new concept for marine research, applied in the EU-funded project EMERGE, “Evaluation, control and Mitigation of the EnviRonmental impacts of shippinG Emissions” (2020–2024; https://emerge-h2020.eu/ ). For the first time, both the various marine and atmospheric impacts of the shipping sector have been and will be comprehensively analyzed, using a concerted modelling and measurements framework. The experimental part of the project focuses on five European geographical case studies in different ecologically vulnerable regions, and a mobile onboard case study. The EMERGE consortium has also developed a harmonised and integrated modelling framework to assess the combined impacts of shipping emissions, both (i) on the marine ecosystems and (ii) the atmospheric environment. The first results include substantial refinements of a range of models to be applied, especially those for the STEAM and OpenDrift models. In particular, the STEAM (Ship Traffic Emission Assessment Model) model has been extended to allow for the effects of atmospheric and oceanographic factors on the fuel consumption and emissions of the ships. The OpenDrift model has been improved to take into account the partitioning, degradation, and volatilization of pollutants in water. The predicted emission and discharge values have been used as input for both regional scale atmospheric dispersion models, such as WRF-CMAQ (Weather Research and Forecasting—Community Multiscale Air Quality Model) and SILAM (System for Integrated modeLling of Atmospheric composition), and water quality and circulation models, such as OpenDrift (Open source model for the drifting of substances in the ocean) and Delft3D (oceanographic model). The case study regions are Eastern Mediterranean, Northern Adriatic Sea, the Lagoon of Aveiro, the Solent Strait and the Öresund Strait. We have also conducted a substantial part of the experimental campaigns scheduled in the project. The final assessment will include the benefits and costs of control and mitigation options affecting water quality, air pollution exposure, health impacts, climate forcing, and ecotoxicological effects and bioaccumulation of pollutants in marine biota.
Solent Strait
Environmental impacts
Health impacts
Impacts
Eastern Mediterranean
OpenDrift
SILAM
Aveiro
Öresund Strait
Adriatic Sea
WRF-CMAQ
EMERGE
Shipping
STEAM
Author
J. Kukkonen
Finnish Meteorological Institute (FMI)
University of Hertfordshire
Erik Fridell
IVL Swedish Environmental Research Institute
J. P. Jalkanen
Finnish Meteorological Institute (FMI)
Jana Moldanova
IVL Swedish Environmental Research Institute
L. Ntziachristos
Aristotle University of Thessaloniki
A. Grigoriadis
Aristotle University of Thessaloniki
F. Barmpas
Aristotle University of Thessaloniki
G. Tsegas
Aristotle University of Thessaloniki
A. Maragkidou
Finnish Meteorological Institute (FMI)
M. Sofiev
Finnish Meteorological Institute (FMI)
T. Grönholm
Finnish Meteorological Institute (FMI)
E. Majamäki
Finnish Meteorological Institute (FMI)
J. Borken-Kleefeld
International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis
R.S. Sokhi
University of Hertfordshire
P. R. Tiwari
University of Hertfordshire
U. A. Ozdemir
University of Hertfordshire
V. Zervakis
University of the Aegean
E. Krasakopoulou
University of the Aegean
Ida-Maja Hassellöv
Chalmers, Mechanics and Maritime Sciences (M2), Maritime Studies
Erik Ytreberg
Chalmers, Mechanics and Maritime Sciences (M2), Maritime Studies
I. Williams
University of Southampton
M. Hudson
University of Southampton
L. Zapata-Restrepo
University of Southampton
L. R. Hole
Norwegian Meteorological Institute
M. Aghito
Norwegian Meteorological Institute
Øyvind Breivik
Norwegian Meteorological Institute
M. Petrovic
Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA)
S. Rodriguez-Mozaz
Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA)
A. Ktoris
Maritime Institute of Eastern Mediterranean- MAR.IN.E.M
M. Neophytou
Maritime Institute of Eastern Mediterranean- MAR.IN.E.M
A. Monteiro
University of Aveiro
M. A. Russo
University of Aveiro
F. Oikonomou
DANAOS SHIPPING COMPANY
P. Arampatzi
DANAOS SHIPPING COMPANY
A. Gondikas
Creative Nano PC
A. Marcomini
Universita Ca' Foscari Venezia
E. Giubilato
Universita Ca' Foscari Venezia
L. Calgaro
Universita Ca' Foscari Venezia
J. J.K. Jaakkola
Finnish Meteorological Institute (FMI)
University of Oulu
S. P. Kiihamäki
University of Oulu
R. Aittamaa
University of Oulu
Göran Broström
University of Gothenburg
Martin Hassellöv
University of Gothenburg
J. Tamminen
Finnish Meteorological Institute (FMI)
F. Nicolas
Baltic Marine Environment Protection Commission (Helsonki Commission HELCOM)
J. Kaitaranta
Baltic Marine Environment Protection Commission (Helsonki Commission HELCOM)
Maria E. Granberg
IVL Swedish Environmental Research Institute
Kerstin Magnusson
IVL Swedish Environmental Research Institute
Springer Proceedings in Complexity
22138684 (ISSN) 22138692 (eISSN)
329-3369783031127854 (ISBN)
38th International Technical Meeting on Air Pollution Modeling and its Application, ITM 2021
Barcelona, Spain,
Barcelona, Spain,
Evaluation, control and Mitigation of the EnviRonmental impacts of shippinG Emissions (EMERGE)
European Commission (EC) (EC/H2020/874990), 2020-02-01 -- 2024-01-31.
Driving Forces
Sustainable development
Subject Categories (SSIF 2011)
Physical Geography
Oceanography, Hydrology, Water Resources
Environmental Sciences
DOI
10.1007/978-3-031-12786-1_44