Electrical Detection of Magnetic Spin Textures Using Pure Spin Currents in Graphene

Journal article, 2025

Electrical creation, control, and detection of magnetic spin textures are pivotal in the advancement of magnetic data storage and logic technologies. All-electrical methods are especially important for detecting such magnetic textures due to their easier implementation in electronic circuits. Here, we demonstrate the electrical detection of different magnetic multidomain and vortex patterns through pure spin-polarized electronic transport in graphene spin-valve devices. We utilized ferromagnetic electrodes with engineered magnetic domain patterns to inject a spin current into the graphene spin transport channel, which was subsequently detected by a reference ferromagnetic electrode with a quasi-single domain. Distinct multilevel spin-valve switching patterns facilitate the discernment of the spin polarization from the diverse domain patterns. The magnetization of the ferromagnetic electrodes is correlated with magnetic force microscopy and micromagnetic simulations. These developments open avenues for probing magnetic domain and spin dynamics through fully electrical means with pure spin currents for spintronic memory and logic.