Validation of vehicle-based tyre testing methods

Journal article, 2019

The development process for passenger cars is both time- and resource-consuming. Full vehicle testing is an extensive
part of the development process that consumes large amount of resources, especially within the field of vehicle dynamics
and active safety. By replacing physical testing with complete vehicle simulations, both the development time and cost
can potentially be reduced. This requires accurate simulation models that represent the real vehicle. One major chal-
lenge with full vehicle simulation models is the representation of tyres in terms of force and moment generation. The
force and moment generation of the tyres is affected by both operating conditions and road surface. Vehicle-based tyre
testing offers a fast and efficient way to rescale force and moment tyre models to different road surfaces, in this study
the Pacejka 2002 model. The resulting tyre model is sensitive to both the operating conditions during testing and the
road surface used. This study investigates the influence of the slip angle sweep rate and road surface on the lateral tyre
force characteristics of the fitted tyre model. Tyre models fitted to different manoeuvres are compared and the influence
on the full vehicle behaviour is investigated in IPG Carmaker. The results show that by using the wrong road surface, the
resulting tyre model can end up outside the tolerances specified by the ISO standard for vehicle simulation model verifi-
cation in steady-state cornering. The use of Pacejka 2002 models parameterized in a steady-state manoeuvre to simulate
the vehicle behaviour in sine-with-dwell manoeuvres is also discussed.