Whole grain-rich diet reduces body weight and systemic low-grade inflammation without inducing major changes of the gut microbiome: A randomised cross-over trial
Artikel i vetenskaplig tidskrift, 2019
Objective T o investigate whether a whole grain diet alters the gut microbiome and insulin sensitivity, as well as biomarkers of metabolic health and gut functionality.
Design 60 Danish adults at risk of developing metabolic syndrome were included in a randomised cross-over trial with two 8-week dietary intervention periods comprising whole grain diet and refined grain diet, separated by a washout period of =6 weeks. The response to the interventions on the gut microbiome composition and insulin sensitivity as well on measures of glucose and lipid metabolism, gut functionality, inflammatory markers, anthropometry and urine metabolomics were assessed.
Results 50 participants completed both periods with a whole grain intake of 179±50 g/day and 13±10 g/day in the whole grain and refined grain period, respectively. Compliance was confirmed by a difference in plasma alkylresorcinols (p<0.0001). Compared with refined grain, whole grain did not significantly alter glucose homeostasis and did not induce major changes in the faecal microbiome. Also, breath hydrogen levels, plasma short-chain fatty acids, intestinal integrity and intestinal transit time were not affected. The whole grain diet did, however, compared with the refined grain diet, decrease body weight (p<0.0001), serum inflammatory markers, interleukin (IL)-6 (p=0.009) and C-reactive protein (p=0.003). The reduction in body weight was consistent with a reduction in energy intake, and IL-6 reduction was associated with the amount of whole grain consumed, in particular with intake of rye. Conclusion C ompared with refined grain diet, whole grain diet did not alter insulin sensitivity and gut microbiome but reduced body weight and systemic lowgrade inflammation.
Design 60 Danish adults at risk of developing metabolic syndrome were included in a randomised cross-over trial with two 8-week dietary intervention periods comprising whole grain diet and refined grain diet, separated by a washout period of =6 weeks. The response to the interventions on the gut microbiome composition and insulin sensitivity as well on measures of glucose and lipid metabolism, gut functionality, inflammatory markers, anthropometry and urine metabolomics were assessed.
Results 50 participants completed both periods with a whole grain intake of 179±50 g/day and 13±10 g/day in the whole grain and refined grain period, respectively. Compliance was confirmed by a difference in plasma alkylresorcinols (p<0.0001). Compared with refined grain, whole grain did not significantly alter glucose homeostasis and did not induce major changes in the faecal microbiome. Also, breath hydrogen levels, plasma short-chain fatty acids, intestinal integrity and intestinal transit time were not affected. The whole grain diet did, however, compared with the refined grain diet, decrease body weight (p<0.0001), serum inflammatory markers, interleukin (IL)-6 (p=0.009) and C-reactive protein (p=0.003). The reduction in body weight was consistent with a reduction in energy intake, and IL-6 reduction was associated with the amount of whole grain consumed, in particular with intake of rye. Conclusion C ompared with refined grain diet, whole grain diet did not alter insulin sensitivity and gut microbiome but reduced body weight and systemic lowgrade inflammation.
Författare
Henrik Munch Roager
Danmarks Tekniske Universitet (DTU)
Josef K. Vogt
Danmarks Tekniske Universitet (DTU)
M. Kristensen
Köpenhamns universitet
Lea B.S. Hansen
Danmarks Tekniske Universitet (DTU)
Sabine Ibrügger
Köpenhamns universitet
Rasmus B. Mærkedahl
Köpenhamns universitet
Martin I. Bahl
Danmarks Tekniske Universitet (DTU)
Mads Vendelbo Lind
Köpenhamns universitet
Chalmers, Biologi och bioteknik, Livsmedelsvetenskap
Rikke L. Nielsen
Danmarks Tekniske Universitet (DTU)
Hanne Frøkiær
Köpenhamns universitet
Rikke J. Gøbel
Köpenhamns universitet
Rikard Landberg
Chalmers, Biologi och bioteknik, Livsmedelsvetenskap
Alastair Ross
Chalmers, Biologi och bioteknik, Livsmedelsvetenskap
Susanne Brix
Danmarks Tekniske Universitet (DTU)
Jesper Holck
Danmarks Tekniske Universitet (DTU)
Anne S. Meyer
Danmarks Tekniske Universitet (DTU)
Morten H. Sparholt
Bispebjerg Hospital
Anders F. Christensen
Bispebjerg Hospital
Vera Carvalho
Danmarks Tekniske Universitet (DTU)
Bolette Hartmann
Köpenhamns universitet
Jens Juul Holst
Köpenhamns universitet
Jüri J. Rumessen
Amtssygehuset i Gentofte
Allan Linneberg
Research Centre for Prevention and Health
Rigshospitalet
Köpenhamns universitet
T. Sicheritz-Pontén
Danmarks Tekniske Universitet (DTU)
Marlene D. Dalgaard
Danmarks Tekniske Universitet (DTU)
Andreas Blennow
Köpenhamns universitet
Henrik L. Frandsen
Danmarks Tekniske Universitet (DTU)
S.G.R. Villas-Bôas
University of Auckland
Karsten Kristiansen
Köpenhamns universitet
H. Vestergaard
Steno Diabetes Center
Köpenhamns universitet
T. Hansen
Köpenhamns universitet
Claus T. Ekstrøm
Köpenhamns universitet
Christian Ritz
Köpenhamns universitet
Henrik Bjørn Nielsen
Danmarks Tekniske Universitet (DTU)
Clinical-Microbiomics A/S
O. B. Pedersen
Köpenhamns universitet
Ramneek Gupta
Danmarks Tekniske Universitet (DTU)
L. Lauritzen
Köpenhamns universitet
Tine Rask Licht
Danmarks Tekniske Universitet (DTU)
Gut
0017-5749 (ISSN) 1468-3288 (eISSN)
Vol. 68 1 83-93Ämneskategorier
Annan klinisk medicin
Livsmedelsvetenskap
Näringslära
DOI
10.1136/gutjnl-2017-314786