CONCERTO: High-fidelity simulation of millimeter line emissions of galaxies and [CII] intensity mapping
Artikel i vetenskaplig tidskrift, 2022
The intensity mapping of the [CII] 158-μm line redshifted to the submillimeter window is a promising probe of the za>4 star formation and its spatial distribution into large-scale structures. To prepare the first-generation experiments (e.g., CONCERTO), we need realistic simulations of the submillimeter extragalactic sky in spectroscopy. We present a new version of the simulated infrared dusty extragalactic sky (SIDES) model including the main submillimeter lines around 1 mm (CO, [CII], [CI]). This approach successfully reproduces the observed line luminosity functions. We then use our simulation to generate CONCERTO-like cubes (125-305 GHz) and forecast the power spectra of the fluctuations caused by the various astrophysical components at those frequencies. Depending on our assumptions on the relation between the star formation rate and [CII] luminosity, and the star formation history, our predictions of the za∼6 [CII] power spectrum vary by two orders of magnitude. This highlights how uncertain the predictions are and how important future measurements will be to improve our understanding of this early epoch. SIDES can reproduce the CO shot noise recently measured at a4;100 GHz by the millimeter-wavelength intensity mapping experiment (mmIME). Finally, we compare the contribution of the different astrophysical components at various redshifts to the power spectra. The continuum is by far the brightest, by a factor of three to 100, depending on the frequency. At 300 GHz, the CO foreground power spectrum is higher than the [CII] one for our base scenario. At lower frequencies, the contrast between [CII] and extragalactic foregrounds is even worse. Masking the known galaxies from deep surveys should allow us to reduce the foregrounds to 20% of the [CII] power spectrum up to z∼ 6.5. However, this masking method will not be sufficient at higher redshifts. The code and the products of our simulation are released publicly, and can be used for both intensity mapping experiments and submillimeter continuum and line surveys.
Cosmic background radiation
Large-scale structure of Universe
Galaxies: high-redshift
Galaxies: ISM
Galaxies: star formation
Författare
Matthieu Béthermin
Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Marseille
Observatoire Astronomique de Strasbourg
A. Gkogkou
Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Marseille
M. Van Cuyck
Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Marseille
Guilaine Lagache
Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Marseille
A. Beelen
Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Marseille
Manuel Aravena
Universidad Diego Portales
A. Benoît
Groupement d’Interet Scientifique KID
Université Grenoble Alpes
J. Bounmy
Université Grenoble Alpes
Groupement d’Interet Scientifique KID
M. Calvo
Université Grenoble Alpes
Groupement d’Interet Scientifique KID
A. Catalano
Université Grenoble Alpes
Groupement d’Interet Scientifique KID
B. De Batz De Trenquelleon
Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Marseille
C. De Breuck
European Southern Observatory (ESO)
A. Fasano
Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Marseille
Andrea Ferrara
Scuola Normale Superiore di Pisa
J. Goupy
Université Grenoble Alpes
Groupement d’Interet Scientifique KID
C. Hoarau
Groupement d’Interet Scientifique KID
Université Grenoble Alpes
Cathy Horellou
Chalmers, Rymd-, geo- och miljövetenskap, Astronomi och plasmafysik
W. Hu
Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Marseille
A. Julia
Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Marseille
Kirsten Knudsen
Chalmers, Rymd-, geo- och miljövetenskap, Astronomi och plasmafysik
J. C. Lambert
Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Marseille
J. F. Maciás-Pérez
Groupement d’Interet Scientifique KID
Université Grenoble Alpes
J. Marpaud
Groupement d’Interet Scientifique KID
Université Grenoble Alpes
A. Monfardini
Groupement d’Interet Scientifique KID
Université Grenoble Alpes
Andrea Pallottini
Scuola Normale Superiore di Pisa
N. Ponthieu
Institut de Planétologie et d’Astrophysique de Grenoble (IPAG)
Groupement d’Interet Scientifique KID
Y. Roehlly
Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Marseille
L. Vallini
Scuola Normale Superiore di Pisa
F. Walter
Max-Planck-Gesellschaft
A. Weiß
Max-Planck-Gesellschaft
Astronomy and Astrophysics
0004-6361 (ISSN) 1432-0746 (eISSN)
Vol. 667 A156Ämneskategorier
Astronomi, astrofysik och kosmologi
Atom- och molekylfysik och optik
Annan fysik
DOI
10.1051/0004-6361/202243888