Effects of Alkyl Spacer Length in Carbazole-Based Self-Assembled Monolayer Materials on Molecular Conformation and Organic Solar Cell Performance
Artikel i vetenskaplig tidskrift, 2025
Carbazole-based self-assembled monolayer (SAM) materials as hole transport layers (HTL) have led organic solar cells (OSCs) to state-of-the-art photovoltaic performance. Nonetheless, the impact of the alkyl spacer length of SAMs remains inadequately understood. To improve the knowledge, four dichloride-substituted carbazole-based SAMs (from 2Cl-2PACz to 2Cl-5PACz) with spacer lengths of 2–5 carbon atoms is developed. Single crystal analyses reveal that SAMs with shorter spacers exhibit stronger intermolecular interactions and denser packing. The molecular conformation of SAMs significantly impacts their molecular footprint and coverage on ITO. These factors result in the highest coverage of 2Cl-2PACz and the lowest coverage for 2Cl-3PACz on ITO. OSCs based on PM6:L8-BO with 2Cl-2PACz as HTL achieved high efficiencies of 18.95% and 18.62% with and without methanol rinsing of the ITO/SAMs anodes, corresponding to monolayer and multilayer structures, respectively. In contrast, OSCs utilizing the other SAMs showed decreased efficiencies as spacer length increased. The superior performance of 2Cl-2PACz can be attributed to its shorter spacer, which reduces series resistance, hole tunneling distance, and barrier. This work provides valuable insights into the design of SAMs for high-performance OSCs.
intermolecular interaction
single crystals
alkyl spacer length
molecular conformation
self-assembled monolayer (SAM)
Författare
Qiaonan Chen
Chalmers, Kemi och kemiteknik, Tillämpad kemi
Kangbo Sun
Shenzhen Technology University
Leandro Rezende Franco
Karlstads universitet
Jingnan Wu
Chalmers, Kemi och kemiteknik, Tillämpad kemi
Lars Öhrström
Chalmers, Kemi och kemiteknik, Kemi och biokemi
X. J. Liu
Linköpings universitet
Maureen Gumbo
Chalmers, Kemi och kemiteknik, Kemi och biokemi
Mailde S. Ozório
Köpenhamns universitet
C. Moyses Araujo
Uppsala universitet
Karlstads universitet
Guangye Zhang
Karlstads universitet
Shenzhen Technology University
André Johansson
Karlstads universitet
Ellen Moons
Karlstads universitet
M. Fahlman
Linköpings universitet
Donghong Yu
Sino-Danish Center for Education and Research Denmark
Aalborg Universitet
Yufei Wang
Shenzhen Technology University
Ergang Wang
Chalmers, Kemi och kemiteknik, Tillämpad kemi
Zhengzhou University
Advanced Science
2198-3844 (ISSN) 21983844 (eISSN)
Vol. 12 4 2410277Biologiskt nedbrytbara halvledande polymerer för transientelektronik
Formas (2023-01008), 2024-01-01 -- 2026-12-31.
Konjugerade polymerer med länkade allkylsidkedjor för stabila polymersolceller
Vetenskapsrådet (VR) (2019-04683), 2020-01-01 -- 2023-12-31.
Styrkeområden
Nanovetenskap och nanoteknik
Ämneskategorier (SSIF 2011)
Energiteknik
Infrastruktur
Chalmers materialanalyslaboratorium
DOI
10.1002/advs.202410277
PubMed
39629953