Metal and PAH loads from ships and boats, relative other sources, in the Baltic Sea
Journal article, 2022

The Baltic Sea is a sensitive environment that is affected by chemical pollution derived from multiple natural and anthropogenic sources. The overall aim of this study was to estimate the load of metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from shipping and leisure boating, relative other sources, to the Baltic Sea and to identify possible measures that could lead to major reductions in the loads of hazardous substances from maritime shipping and leisure boating. The use of copper-based antifouling paints, and operation of scrubbers in open loop mode, were the two most dominant identified sources of hazardous substances to the Baltic Sea. Open loop scrubbers accounted for 8.5 % of the total input of anthracene to the sea. More than a third of the total load of copper can be reduced if copper-free antifouling paints or other biocide-free antifouling strategies are used on ships and leisure boats.

Metals

PAHs

Baltic Sea

Leisure boats

Load compilation

Shipping

Author

Erik Ytreberg

Chalmers, Mechanics and Maritime Sciences (M2), Maritime Studies

Katarina Hansson

IVL Swedish Environmental Research Institute

Anna Lunde Hermansson

Chalmers, Mechanics and Maritime Sciences (M2), Maritime Studies

Rasmus Parsmo

IVL Swedish Environmental Research Institute

Maria Lagerström

Chalmers, Mechanics and Maritime Sciences (M2), Maritime Studies

J. P. Jalkanen

Finnish Meteorological Institute (FMI)

Ida-Maja Hassellöv

Chalmers, Mechanics and Maritime Sciences (M2), Maritime Studies

Marine Pollution Bulletin

0025-326X (ISSN) 1879-3363 (eISSN)

Vol. 182 113904

Subject Categories

Marine Engineering

Oceanography, Hydrology, Water Resources

Environmental Sciences

DOI

10.1016/j.marpolbul.2022.113904

PubMed

35878478

More information

Latest update

8/2/2022 1