Differential Responders to a Mixed Meal Tolerance Test Associated with Type 2 Diabetes Risk Factors and Gut Microbiota—Data from the MEDGI-Carb Randomized Controlled Trial
Journal article, 2023
The global prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has surged in recent decades, and the identification of differential glycemic responders can aid tailored treatment for the prevention of prediabetes and T2DM. A mixed meal tolerance test (MMTT) based on regular foods offers the potential to uncover differential responders in dynamical postprandial events. We aimed to fit a simple mathematical model on dynamic postprandial glucose data from repeated MMTTs among participants with elevated T2DM risk to identify response clusters and investigate their association with T2DM risk factors and gut microbiota. Data were used from a 12-week multi-center dietary intervention trial involving high-risk T2DM adults, comparing high- versus low-glycemic index foods within a Mediterranean diet context (MEDGICarb). Model-based analysis of MMTTs from 155 participants (81 females and 74 males) revealed two distinct plasma glucose response clusters that were associated with baseline gut microbiota. Cluster A, inversely associated with HbA1c and waist circumference and directly with insulin sensitivity, exhibited a contrasting profile to cluster B. Findings imply that a standardized breakfast MMTT using regular foods could effectively distinguish non-diabetic individuals at varying risk levels for T2DM using a simple mechanistic model.
differential responders
personalized nutrition
clustering
Author
Viktor Skantze
Chalmers, Life Sciences, Food and Nutrition Science
Fraunhofer-Chalmers Centre
Thérése Hjorth
Chalmers, Life Sciences, Food and Nutrition Science
Mikael Wallman
Fraunhofer-Chalmers Centre
Carl Brunius
Chalmers, Life Sciences, Food and Nutrition Science
Johan Dicksved
Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU)
Erik A. Pelve
Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU)
A. Esberg
Umeå University
Marilena Vitale
University of Naples Federico II
Rosalba Giacco
Consiglo Nazionale Delle Richerche
University of Naples Federico II
Giuseppina Costabile
University of Naples Federico II
Robert E. Bergia
College of Health and Human Sciences
Mats Jirstrand
Fraunhofer-Chalmers Centre
Wayne W. Campbell
College of Health and Human Sciences
Gabriele Riccardi
University of Naples Federico II
Rikard Landberg
Chalmers, Life Sciences, Food and Nutrition Science
Nutrients
2072-6643 (ISSN) 20726643 (eISSN)
Vol. 15 20 4369Precision Prevention of Cardiometabolic Diseases Through Personalized Nutrition Guided by Metabolite Biomarker Signatures
Swedish Research Council (VR) (2022-00924), 2023-01-01 -- 2025-12-31.
Carbohydrate staple foods - facing the challenge to improve their quality for a better metabolic health
Formas (2019-02202), 2019-12-01 -- 2022-12-31.
Subject Categories
Endocrinology and Diabetes
Nutrition and Dietetics
DOI
10.3390/nu15204369