Effect of energetic ions on edge-localized modes in tokamak plasmas
Journal article, 2025
The most efficient and promising operational regime for the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor tokamak is the high-confinement mode. In this regime, however, periodic relaxations of the plasma edge can occur. These edge-localized modes pose a threat to the integrity of the fusion device. Here we reveal the strong impact of energetic ions on the spatio-temporal structure of edge-localized modes in tokamaks using nonlinear hybrid kinetic–magnetohydrodynamic simulations. A resonant interaction between the fast ions at the plasma edge and the electromagnetic perturbations from the edge-localized mode leads to an energy and momentum exchange. Energetic ions modify, for example, the amplitude, frequency spectrum and crash timing of edge-localized modes. The simulations reproduce some observations that feature abrupt and large edge-localized mode crashes. The results indicate that, in the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor, a strong interaction between the fusion-born alpha particles and ions from neutral beam injection, a main heating and fast particle source, is expected with predicted edge-localized mode perturbations. This work advances the understanding of the physics underlying edge-localized mode crashes in the presence of energetic particles and highlights the importance of including energetic ion kinetic effects in the optimization of edge-localized mode control techniques and regimes that are free of such modes.
Author
J.J. Domínguez-Palacios Durán
University of Seville
S. Futatani
Polytechnic University of Catalonia
M. Garcia-Munoz
University of Seville
A. Jansen Van Vuuren
University of Seville
E. Viezzer
University of Seville
J. Gonzalez Martin
University of Seville
M. Toscano-Jimenez
University of Seville
P. Oyola
University of Seville
Y. Todo
National Institutes of Natural Sciences
Yasuhiro Suzuki
Hiroshima University
L. Sanchis
University of Seville
J. Rueda-Rueda
University of Seville
J. Galdon-Quiroga
University of Seville
J. Hidalgo-Salaverri
University of Seville
H. Chen
University of Seville
J.F. Rivero-Rodriguez
Culham Science Centre
L. Velarde
University of Seville
S. Zoletnik
Centre for Energy Research
H. Zohm
Max Planck Society
A. Zito
Max Planck Society
C. Zimmermann
Max Planck Society
M. Zilker
Max Planck Society
A. Zibrov
Max Planck Society
W. Zholobenko
Max Planck Society
W. Zhang
Max Planck Society
T. Zehetbauer
Max Planck Society
I. Zammuto
Max Planck Society
R. Zagórski
Institute of Plasma Physics & Laser Microfusion (IPPLM)
Q. Yu
Max Planck Society
C. You
Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
Q. Yang
Chinese Academy of Sciences
E. Wolfrum
Max Planck Society
R C Wolf
Max Planck Society
M. Wischmeier
Max Planck Society
B. Wiringer
Max Planck Society
M. Willensdorfer
Max Planck Society
A.E. White
Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
D. Wendler
Max Planck Society
M. Weiland
Max Planck Society
X. Wang
Max Planck Society
D. Wagner
Max Planck Society
U. Von Toussaint
Max Planck Society
I. Voitsekhovitch
Culham Science Centre
T. Vierle
Max Planck Society
J. Vicente
Instituto Superior Tecnico
N. Vianello
Consorzio Rfx
Geert Verdoolaege
Technical Research Centre of Finland (VTT)
T. Verdier
Technical University of Denmark (DTU)
S. Varoutis
Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)
P. Varela
Instituto Superior Tecnico
B. Vanovac
Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
F. Vannini
Max Planck Society
M.A. Van Zeeland
General Atomics
Martin Valovic
Culham Science Centre
M. Valisa
Consorzio Rfx
M. Usoltseva
Max Planck Society
G. Urbanczyk
Max Planck Society
P. Ulbl
Max Planck Society
M. Tripský
Royal Military Academy
G.L. Trevisan
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W. Treutterer
Max Planck Society
Daniel Told
Max Planck Society
W. Tierens
Max Planck Society
E. Thorén
Royal Institute of Technology (KTH)
M. Teschke
Max Planck Society
D. Terranova
Consorzio Rfx
M. Tardocchi
Istituto Di Fisica Del Plasma Piero Caldirola, Milan
G. Tardini
Max Planck Society
W. Tang
Max Planck Society
T. Tala
Technical Research Centre of Finland (VTT)
B. Tál
Max Planck Society
T. Szepesi
Centre for Energy Research
W. Suttrop
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G. Suarez Lopez
Max Planck Society
E. Strumberger
Max Planck Society
U. Stroth
Max Planck Society
J. Stober
Max Planck Society
D. Stieglitz
Max Planck Society
M. Stejner
Technical University of Denmark (DTU)
A. Stegmeir
Max Planck Society
M. Spolaore
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G. Spizzo
Consorzio Rfx
M. Spacek
Max Planck Society
C. Sozzi
Istituto Di Fisica Del Plasma Piero Caldirola, Milan
C. Sommariva
Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne (EPFL)
E. R. Solano
Laboratorio Nacional de Fusion
A. Snicker
Aalto University
S. Sipila
Aalto University
J. Simpson
Culham Science Centre
D. Silvagni
Max Planck Society
Carlos Silva
Instituto Superior Tecnico
A. Silva
Instituto Superior Tecnico
A. Sigalov
Max Planck Society
B. Sieglin
Max Planck Society
M. Siccinio
Max Planck Society
G. Sias
University of Cagliari
A. Shevelev
Russian Academy of Sciences
U. Sheikh
Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne (EPFL)
S. E. Sharapov
Culham Science Centre
A. Shalpegin
Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne (EPFL)
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Ghent university
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University of Innsbruck
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University of Wisconsin Madison
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Eindhoven University of Technology
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Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne (EPFL)
J. Santos
Instituto Superior Tecnico
L. Sanchis Sanchez
University of Seville
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Aalto University
M. Salewski
Technical University of Denmark (DTU)
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Culham Science Centre
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Culham Science Centre
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Royal Institute of Technology (KTH)
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Eindhoven University of Technology
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Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
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University of Seville
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Istituto Di Fisica Del Plasma Piero Caldirola, Milan
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Centre for Energy Research
A. Redl
Tuscia University
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Royal Institute of Technology (KTH)
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Laboratorio Nacional de Fusion
J. Rasmussen
Technical University of Denmark (DTU)
M. Ramisch
University of Stuttgart
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Vienna University of Technology
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Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne (EPFL)
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University of Stuttgart
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Royal Institute of Technology (KTH)
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University of Rome Tor Vergata
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Aalto University
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Technical University of Denmark (DTU)
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Istituto Di Fisica Del Plasma Piero Caldirola, Milan
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University of Milano-Bicocca
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Technical University of Denmark (DTU)
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Technical University of Denmark (DTU)
R. Neu
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Technical University of Denmark (DTU)
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Princeton University
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Polytechnic University of Turin
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Culham Science Centre
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Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne (EPFL)
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University College Cork
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Vienna University of Technology
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Istituto Di Fisica Del Plasma Piero Caldirola, Milan
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Max Planck Society
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Max Planck Society
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Centro Nacional de Supercomputacion
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Istituto Di Fisica Del Plasma Piero Caldirola, Milan
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Max Planck Society
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Istituto Di Fisica Del Plasma Piero Caldirola, Milan
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Royal Military Academy
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Eindhoven University of Technology
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Princeton University
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Technical University of Denmark (DTU)
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Royal Military Academy
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University of California
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General Atomics
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University of York
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Technical Research Centre of Finland (VTT)
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Forschungszentrum Jülich
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Vienna University of Technology
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Aalto University
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Princeton University
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Aalto University
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Eindhoven University of Technology
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Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne (EPFL)
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Centre for Energy Research
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Ghent university
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Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
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Russian Academy of Sciences
W. Kernbichler
Vienna University of Technology
A. Kendl
University of Innsbruck
Y. Kazakov
Royal Military Academy
S. Kasilov
Technische Universität Graz
C.-P. Kasemann
Max Planck Society
J. Karhunen
Aalto University
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A. Kallenbach
Max Planck Society
E. Joffrin
The French Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission (CEA)
T. Jensen
Technical University of Denmark (DTU)
Frank Jenko
Max Planck Society
F. Jaulmes
Czech Academy of Sciences
N. Jaksic
Max Planck Society
W. Jacob
Max Planck Society
I. Ivanova-Stanik
Institute of Plasma Physics & Laser Microfusion (IPPLM)
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University of Innsbruck
Klara Insulander Björk
Chalmers, Physics, Subatomic, High Energy and Plasma Physics
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Max Planck Society
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Russian Academy of Sciences
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Forschungszentrum Jülich
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Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
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Institut Jean Lamour
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University of York
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Max Planck Society
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Technical University of Denmark (DTU)
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Technische Universität Graz
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Institut Jean Lamour
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École polytechnique
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Culham Science Centre
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Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)
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Culham Science Centre
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Vienna University of Technology
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Max Planck Society
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Culham Science Centre
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Technical Research Centre of Finland (VTT)
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University of Seville
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Istituto Di Fisica Del Plasma Piero Caldirola, Milan
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Max Planck Society
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University of Milano-Bicocca
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Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne (EPFL)
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Max Planck Society
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Instituto Superior Tecnico
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Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne (EPFL)
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Max Planck Society
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Istituto Di Fisica Del Plasma Piero Caldirola, Milan
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Forschungszentrum Jülich
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The French Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission (CEA)
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Centro Nacional de Supercomputacion
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Institute of Plasma Physics & Laser Microfusion (IPPLM)
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Centro Nacional de Supercomputacion
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Max Planck Society
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Max Planck Society
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Royal Institute of Technology (KTH)
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Max Planck Society
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Instituto Superior Tecnico
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Czech Academy of Sciences
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Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne (EPFL)
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Czech Academy of Sciences
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Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne (EPFL)
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National Science Center
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Centre for Energy Research
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University of Seville
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Forschungszentrum Jülich
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Eindhoven University of Technology
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Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)
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University of Milano-Bicocca
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University of York
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Centre for Energy Research
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University of Seville
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Istituto Di Fisica Del Plasma Piero Caldirola, Milan
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Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
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University of Wisconsin Madison
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University of Innsbruck
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Max Planck Society
L. Colas
The French Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission (CEA)
J.W. Coenen
Forschungszentrum Jülich
R. Coelho
Instituto Superior Tecnico
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Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne (EPFL)
F. Clairet
The French Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission (CEA)
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ENEA
A. Chomiczewska
Institute of Plasma Physics & Laser Microfusion (IPPLM)
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Max Planck Society
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Culham Science Centre
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Instituto Superior Tecnico
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Culham Science Centre
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Max Planck Society
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University of Cagliari
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Aix Marseille University
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Max Planck Society
J. Buchanan
Culham Science Centre
F. Brochard
Institut Jean Lamour
D. Brida
Max Planck Society
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Forschungszentrum Jülich
M. Brenzke
Forschungszentrum Jülich
H. Van Den Brand
Eindhoven University of Technology
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Max Planck Society
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The French Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission (CEA)
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Princeton University
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Max Planck Society
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Eindhoven University of Technology
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Max Planck Society
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Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
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Leonardo de Vinci University Center
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Instituto Superior Tecnico
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A. Bergmann
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Aalto University
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Max Planck Society
C. Angioni
Max Planck Society
E. Alessi
Istituto Di Fisica Del Plasma Piero Caldirola, Milan
M. Zuin
Consorzio Rfx
A. Zisis
National Technical University of Athens (NTUA)
J. Zebrowski
National Centre for Nuclear Research
R. Zaplotnik
Instituto Superior Tecnico
P. Zanca
Consorzio Rfx
D. Zaloga
National Centre for Nuclear Research
L. Xiang
Technical University of Denmark (DTU)
K. Wu
Tuscia University
George Wilkie
Ghent university
M. Wiesenberger
University of Innsbruck
S. Wiesen
Forschungszentrum Jülich
M. Wensing
Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne (EPFL)
V. Weinzettl
Czech Academy of Sciences
T Wauters
Royal Military Academy
N. R. Walkden
Culham Science Centre
N.M.T. Vu
Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne (EPFL)
P. Vondraček
Czech Academy of Sciences
D. Voltolina
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F. Villone
Universita di Cassino e del Lazio Meridionale
L. Vermare
École polytechnique
K. Verhaegh
Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne (EPFL)
J. Vega
Laboratorio Nacional de Fusion
O. Vasilovici
University of Innsbruck
S. Vartanian
The French Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission (CEA)
J. Varju
Czech Academy of Sciences
J. Varje
Aalto University
D. Van Vugt
Eindhoven University of Technology
P. Vallejos Olivares
Royal Institute of Technology (KTH)
M. Vallar
Consorzio Rfx
J. Urban
Czech Academy of Sciences
O. Tudisco
ENEA
C.K. Tsui
Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne (EPFL)
C. Tsironis
National Technical University of Athens (NTUA)
M. Tomeš
Czech Academy of Sciences
P. Tolias
Royal Institute of Technology (KTH)
B. Tilia
ENEA
A.J. Thornton
Culham Science Centre
C. Theiler
Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne (EPFL)
D. Testa
Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne (EPFL)
A. Teplukhina
Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne (EPFL)
D. Sytnykov
National Science Center
H.-J. Sun
Culham Science Centre
Pär Strand
Ghent university
L. Stipani
Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne (EPFL)
A. Sperduti
Uppsala University
E. Sorokovoy
National Science Center
C. Soria-Hoyo
University of Seville
S. Kjer Hansen
Technical University of Denmark (DTU)
E.R. Solano
Laboratorio Nacional de Fusion
S.F. Smith
University of York
R.R. Sheeba
Aix Marseille University
E. Seliunin
Instituto Superior Tecnico
J. Seidl
Czech Academy of Sciences
P. Schneider
Max Planck Society
B.S. Schneider
University of Innsbruck
M. Scheffer
Eindhoven University of Technology
R. Scannell
Culham Science Centre
M. Sassano
University of Rome Tor Vergata
K. Sarkimaki
Aalto University
L. Sanchis-Sanchez
University of Seville
D. Samaddar
Culham Science Centre
G. Rubino
Consorzio Rfx
G. Rubinacci
Universita di Cassino e del Lazio Meridionale
J. Rosato
École polytechnique
A. Romano
Universita di Cassino e del Lazio Meridionale
M. Rodriguez-Ramos
University of Seville
N. Rispoli
Istituto Di Fisica Del Plasma Piero Caldirola, Milan
S. Reznik
Jozef Stefan Institute
C Reux
The French Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission (CEA)
H. Reimerdes
Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne (EPFL)
T. Ravensbergen
Eindhoven University of Technology
G.A. Rattá
Laboratorio Nacional de Fusion
J. Rasmussen
Technical University of Denmark (DTU)
M. Rabinski
National Centre for Nuclear Research
M.E. Puiatti
Consorzio Rfx
G. Pucella
Universita di Cassino e del Lazio Meridionale
Gábor Pór
Budapest University of Technology and Economics
Popovic
Laboratorio Nacional de Fusion
T. Popov
Sofia University
P. Pölöskei
Budapest University of Technology and Economics
L. Piron
Culham Science Centre
P. Piovesan
Consorzio Rfx
L. Pigatto
Consorzio Rfx
V. Piergotti
Universita di Cassino e del Lazio Meridionale
V. Petržilka
Czech Academy of Sciences
M. Peterka
Czech Academy of Sciences
F. Pesamosca
Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne (EPFL)
V. Pericoli Radolfini
University Parthenope
A. Perek
Dutch Institute for Fundamental Energy Research (DIFFER)
R. Pavlichenko
National Science Center
M. Passeri
University of Rome Tor Vergata
F. I. Parra
Culham Science Centre
I. Paradela Perez
Aalto University
M. Panjan
Jozef Stefan Institute
R. Panek
Czech Academy of Sciences
L. Panaccione
Universita di Cassino e del Lazio Meridionale
A. Palha
Eindhoven University of Technology
R. Paccagnella
Consorzio Rfx
F. Orsitto
Universita di Cassino e del Lazio Meridionale
F. Orain
Max Planck Society
J Ongena
Technische Universität Graz
John Omotani
Ghent university
P. Ollus
Aalto University
M. Oberkofler
Max Planck Society
V. Nikolaeva
Instituto Superior Tecnico
Sarah Newton
Culham Science Centre
F. Nespoli
The French Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission (CEA)
D. Naydenkova
Czech Academy of Sciences
D. Moulton
Culham Science Centre
A. Moro
Istituto Di Fisica Del Plasma Piero Caldirola, Milan
J.-M. Moret
Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne (EPFL)
J. Morales
The French Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission (CEA)
P. A. Molina Cabrera
Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne (EPFL)
V. Moiseenko
National Science Center
J. Mlynar
Czech Academy of Sciences
I. Miron
National Institute for Laser, Plasma and Radiation Physics
F. Militello
Culham Science Centre
D. Micheletti
Istituto Di Fisica Del Plasma Piero Caldirola, Milan
M. Messmer
Eindhoven University of Technology
D. Meshcheriakov
Max Planck Society
V. Menkovski
Eindhoven University of Technology
C. Meineri
Consorzio Rfx
B. McMillan
The University of Warwick
K. McClements
Culham Science Centre
P. Mc Carthy
University College Cork
C. Mazzotta
ENEA
D. Mazon
The French Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission (CEA)
M.L. Mayoral
EUROfusion Programme Management Unit
G.F. Matthews
Culham Science Centre
S. Mastrostefano
University Parthenope
A. Martitsch
Technische Universität Graz
J.R. Martin Solis
Laboratorio Nacional de Fusion
T. Markovič
Czech Academy of Sciences
C. Marini
Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne (EPFL)
A. Mariani
Istituto Di Fisica Del Plasma Piero Caldirola, Milan
V. Marchenko
National Academy of Sciences in Ukraine
M.J. Mantsinen
Centro Nacional de Supercomputacion
P. Manas
Max Planck Society
B. Maljaars
Eindhoven University of Technology
R. Maggiora
Polytechnic University of Turin
E. Macusova
Czech Academy of Sciences
V.P. Loschiavo
University of Naples Federico II
R. Lorenzini
Consorzio Rfx
R. Lombroni
Tuscia University
F. Liu
CNRS
P.T. Lang
Max Planck Society
L. Laguardia
Istituto Di Fisica Del Plasma Piero Caldirola, Milan
R. Kwiatkowski
National Centre for Nuclear Research
Y. Kulyk
National Science Center
A. Krivska
Royal Military Academy
L. Kripner
Czech Academy of Sciences
N. Krawczyk
Institute of Plasma Physics & Laser Microfusion (IPPLM)
J. Kovacic
Jozef Stefan Institute
M. Koubiti
Aix Marseille University
V. Korovin
National Science Center
M. Kelemen
Jozef Stefan Institute
D. Keeling
Culham Science Centre
P.-V. Kazantzidis
National Technical University of Athens (NTUA)
A. Karpushov
Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne (EPFL)
T. Jonsson
Royal Institute of Technology (KTH)
A. Jardin
Culham Science Centre
F. Janky
Max Planck Society
M. Jakubowski
Max Planck Society
A.S. Jacobsen
Culham Science Centre
H. Isliker
Aristotle University of Thessaloniki
P. Innocente
Consorzio Rfx
D. Iglesias
Culham Science Centre
A. Iantchenko
Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne (EPFL)
Z. Huang
Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne (EPFL)
M. Hron
Czech Academy of Sciences
J. Horáček
Czech Academy of Sciences
M. Hoppe
Ghent university
D. Hogeweij
Dutch Institute for Fundamental Energy Research (DIFFER)
M. Hoelzl
Max Planck Society
Bogdan Hnat
Culham Science Centre
L. Hesslow
Ghent university
J. Hawke
Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne (EPFL)
A. Havranek
Czech Academy of Sciences
A. Hakola
Technical Research Centre of Finland (VTT)
P. Hacek
Czech Academy of Sciences
T. Gyergyek
Jozef Stefan Institute
M. Gruca
Institute of Plasma Physics & Laser Microfusion (IPPLM)
D. Grekov
Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)
M. Gospodarczyk
University of Rome Tor Vergata
T. Goodman
Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne (EPFL)
G. Giruzzi
The French Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission (CEA)
L. Giacomelli
Istituto Di Fisica Del Plasma Piero Caldirola, Milan
J. Gath
Technical University of Denmark (DTU)
Luca Garzotti
Culham Science Centre
J. Garcia-Lopez
University of Seville
J. Garcia
The French Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission (CEA)
C. Galperti
Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne (EPFL)
D. Gallart
Centro Nacional de Supercomputacion
S. Galeani
University of York
D. Galassi
Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne (EPFL)
D. Gahle
University of Strathclyde
D. Gadariya
Laboratorio Nacional de Fusion
L. Gabellieri
ENEA
C. Fuchs
Max Planck Society
M. Francesco
University of Rome Tor Vergata
M. Fontana
Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne (EPFL)
A. Fil
University of York
A.C.A. Figueiredo
Instituto Superior Tecnico
L. Figini
Istituto Di Fisica Del Plasma Piero Caldirola, Milan
O. Février
Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne (EPFL)
G. Ferrò
ENEA
Jorge Ferreira
Instituto Superior Tecnico
X. Feng
Durham University
S. Feng
Istituto Di Fisica Del Plasma Piero Caldirola, Milan
N. Fedorczak
The French Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission (CEA)
J. Faustin
Max Planck Society
I. Faust
Max Planck Society
A. Fanni
University of Cagliari
Boglarka Erdos
Budapest University of Technology and Economics
Ola Embréus
Ghent university
S.D. Elmore
Culham Science Centre
Benjamin Dudson
University of York
A. Drenik
Max Planck Society
D. Douai
The French Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission (CEA)
J. J. Domínguez-Palacios Durán
University of Seville
F. Dolizy
Eindhoven University of Technology
M. Dimitrova
Czech Academy of Sciences
R. Dejarnac
Czech Academy of Sciences
J. Decker
Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne (EPFL)
H. De Oliveira
Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne (EPFL)
G. De Carolis
University of Rome Tor Vergata
A. Dal Molin
Istituto Di Fisica Del Plasma Piero Caldirola, Milan
A. Czarnecka
Institute of Plasma Physics & Laser Microfusion (IPPLM)
F. Cordella
ENEA
L. Cordaro
Consorzio Rfx
D. Colette
The French Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission (CEA)
G. Ciraolo
The French Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission (CEA)
D. Choi
Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne (EPFL)
P. Chmielewski
Institute of Plasma Physics & Laser Microfusion (IPPLM)
S.C. Chapman
The University of Warwick
J. Cerovsky
Czech Academy of Sciences
S. Ceccuzzi
ENEA
M. Cecconello
Uppsala University
F. Causa
ENEA
A. Casolari
Czech Academy of Sciences
L. Carraro
Consorzio Rfx
D. Carralero
Max Planck Society
F. Carpanese
Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne (EPFL)
D. Carnevale
University of Rome Tor Vergata
P. Cano Megias
University of Seville
L. Calacci
University of Rome Tor Vergata
G. Calabrò
Tuscia University
P. Buratti
ENEA
S. Buller
Ghent university
H. Bufferand
The French Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission (CEA)
J. Buermans
Royal Military Academy
J. Bucalossi
The French Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission (CEA)
D. Brunetti
Istituto Di Fisica Del Plasma Piero Caldirola, Milan
C. Bowman
University of York
F. Bouquey
The French Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission (CEA)
L. Boncagni
ENEA
F. Bombarda
ENEA
P. Bohm
Czech Academy of Sciences
O. Bogar
Czech Academy of Sciences
K. Bogar
Czech Academy of Sciences
D. Boeyaert
Forschungszentrum Jülich
P. Blanchard
Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne (EPFL)
W. Bin
Istituto Di Fisica Del Plasma Piero Caldirola, Milan
P. Bílková
Czech Academy of Sciences
O. Biletskyi
National Science Center
P. Bettini
Consorzio Rfx
L. Barrera Orte
EUROfusion Programme Management Unit
M. Barnes
Culham Science Centre
V.K. Bandaru
Max Planck Society
F. Bagnato
Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne (EPFL)
J.M. Ayllon-Guerola
University of Seville
G. Avdeeva
Technical University of Denmark (DTU)
F. Auriemma
Consorzio Rfx
H. Arnichand
Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne (EPFL)
Matyas Aradi
Technische Universität Graz
G. Apruzzese
ENEA
Y. Andrebe
Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne (EPFL)
R. Ambrosino
University Parthenope
C. Albert
Technische Universität Graz
R. Albanese
University of Naples Federico II
R. Akers
Culham Science Centre
D. Aguiam
Instituto Superior Tecnico
M. Agostini
Consorzio Rfx
J. Adamek
Czech Academy of Sciences
R. Maurizio
Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne (EPFL)
M. Dunne
Max Planck Society
G.F. Harrer
Vienna University of Technology
Nature Physics
1745-2473 (ISSN) 17452481 (eISSN)
Vol. In PressImplementation of activities described in the Roadmap to Fusion during Horizon Europe through a joint programme of the members of the EUROfusion consortium
European Commission (EC) (101052200), 2021-01-01 -- 2025-12-31.
Subject Categories (SSIF 2025)
Fusion, Plasma and Space Physics
Other Physics Topics
Subatomic Physics
DOI
10.1038/s41567-024-02715-6