Uniform doping of graphene close to the Dirac point by polymer-assisted assembly of molecular dopants
Journal article, 2018
Tuning the charge carrier density of two-dimensional (2D) materials by incorporating dopants into the crystal lattice is a challenging task. An attractive alternative is the surface transfer doping by adsorption of molecules on 2D crystals, which can lead to ordered molecular arrays. However, such systems, demonstrated in ultra-high vacuum conditions (UHV), are often unstable in ambient conditions. Here we show that air-stable doping of epitaxial graphene on SiC—achieved by spin-coating deposition of 2,3,5,6-tetrafluoro-tetracyano-quino-dimethane (F4TCNQ) incorporated in poly(methyl-methacrylate)—proceeds via the spontaneous accumulation of dopants at the graphene-polymer interface and by the formation of a charge-transfer complex that yields low-disorder, charge-neutral, large-area graphene with carrier mobilities ~70 000 cm2V−1s−1at cryogenic temperatures. The assembly of dopants on 2D materials assisted by a polymer matrix, demonstrated by spin-coating wafer-scale substrates in ambient conditions, opens up a scalable technological route toward expanding the functionality of 2D materials.
Author
Hans He
Chalmers, Microtechnology and Nanoscience (MC2), Quantum Device Physics
Kyung Ho Kim
Seoul National University
Chalmers, Microtechnology and Nanoscience (MC2), Quantum Device Physics
Andrey Danilov
Chalmers, Microtechnology and Nanoscience (MC2), Quantum Device Physics
Domenico Montemurro
Chalmers, Microtechnology and Nanoscience (MC2)
Liyang Yu
Chalmers, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Applied Chemistry
YungWoo Park
Seoul National University
University of Pennsylvania
Floriana Lombardi
Chalmers, Microtechnology and Nanoscience (MC2), Quantum Device Physics
Thilo Bauch
Chalmers, Microtechnology and Nanoscience (MC2), Quantum Device Physics
Kasper Moth-Poulsen
Chalmers, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Applied Chemistry
Tihomir Iakimov
Linköping University
Rositsa Yakimova
Linköping University
Per Malmberg
Chalmers, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chemistry and Biochemistry
Christian Müller
Chalmers, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Applied Chemistry
Sergey Kubatkin
Chalmers, Microtechnology and Nanoscience (MC2), Quantum Device Physics
Samuel Lara Avila
National Physical Laboratory (NPL)
Chalmers, Microtechnology and Nanoscience (MC2), Quantum Device Physics
Nature Communications
2041-1723 (ISSN) 20411723 (eISSN)
Vol. 9 1 3956Subject Categories
Inorganic Chemistry
Materials Chemistry
Condensed Matter Physics
DOI
10.1038/s41467-018-06352-5
PubMed
30262825