Nucleation-limited fullerene crystallisation in a polymer–fullerene bulk-heterojunction blend
Artikel i vetenskaplig tidskrift, 2013
The nucleation and growth kinetics of fullerene crystals in thin films of a polymer:fullerene bulk-heterojunction blend are investigated. We find that both processes are strongly diffusion-limited at 100–110 °C due to the proximity to the glass transition temperatures of the blend components. Whereas the growth rate exponentially increases with temperature up to 230 °C, the nucleation rate displays a broad maximum around 150–170 °C, which coincides with the highest rate of fullerene crystallisation. A time-temperature-transformation (TTT) diagram reveals that across the investigated range of temperatures the low rate of nucleation is responsible for the formation of micrometre-sized crystals, which can be detrimental for polymer solar cells. Thus, we identify the lack of sufficient nucleation, which predominantly occurs on the substrate interface, as the origin of this important degradation mechanism.
Författare
Camilla Lindqvist
Chalmers, Kemi- och bioteknik, Polymerteknologi
Anke Sanz-Velasco
Chalmers, Teknisk fysik, Elektronikmaterial
Ergang Wang
Chalmers, Kemi- och bioteknik, Polymerteknologi
Olof Bäcke
Chalmers, Teknisk fysik, Eva Olsson Group
Stefan Gustafsson
Chalmers, Teknisk fysik, Eva Olsson Group
SuMo Biomaterials
Eva Olsson
Chalmers, Teknisk fysik, Eva Olsson Group
Mats Andersson
Chalmers, Kemi- och bioteknik, Polymerteknologi
Christian Müller
Chalmers, Kemi- och bioteknik, Polymerteknologi
Journal of Materials Chemistry A
20507488 (ISSN) 20507496 (eISSN)
Vol. 1 24 7174-7180Styrkeområden
Nanovetenskap och nanoteknik
Energi
Materialvetenskap
Ämneskategorier
Kemiteknik
DOI
10.1039/C3TA11018D