State of the Art of Automated Buses
Reviewartikel, 2018
Urban transportation in the next few decades will shift worldwide toward electrification and automation, with the final aim of increasing energy efficiency and safety for passengers. Such a big change requires strong collaboration and efforts among public administration, research and stakeholders in developing, testing and promoting these technologies in public transportation. Working in this direction, this work provides a review of the impact of the introduction of driverless electric minibuses, for the first and last mile transportation, in public service. More specifically, this paper covers the state of the art in terms of technological background for automation, energy efficiency via electrification and the current state of the legal framework in Europe with a focus on the Baltic Sea Region.
intelligent urban transportation
automated buses
electrification
Författare
Jaagup Ainsalu
Tallinn City Government
Ville Arffman
Metropolia University of Applied Sciences
Mauro Bellone
Chalmers, Mekanik och maritima vetenskaper, Fordonsteknik och autonoma system
Maximilian Ellner
IKEM Inst Climate Protect Energy & Mobil
Taina Haapamaki
FLOU
Noora Haavisto
Metropolia University of Applied Sciences
Ebba Josefson
Front Advokater
Azat Ismailogullari
Metropolia University of Applied Sciences
Bob Lee
Front Advokater
Olav Madland
Applied Autonomy
Raitis Madzulis
Zemgale Planning Region
Jaanus Muur
Tallinns tekniska universitet (TalTech)
Sami Makinen
FLOU
Ville Nousiainen
Forum Virium
Eetu Pilli-Sihvola
Transport‑ och kommunikationsverket (TRAFICOM)
Eetu Rutanen
Metropolia University of Applied Sciences
Sami Sahala
Forum Virium
Boris Schonfeldt
Vejle kommune
Piotr Marek Smolnicki
Politechnika Gdańska
Ralf-Martin Soe
Tallinns tekniska universitet (TalTech)
Juha Saaski
Metropolia University of Applied Sciences
Magdalena Szymanska
Metropolia University of Applied Sciences
Ingar Vaskinn
Kongsberg kommune
Milla Aman
Metropolia University of Applied Sciences
Sustainability
20711050 (ISSN)
Vol. 10 9 3118Styrkeområden
Informations- och kommunikationsteknik
Energi
Drivkrafter
Hållbar utveckling
Ämneskategorier (SSIF 2011)
Tvärvetenskapliga studier
Företagsekonomi
Zoologi
DOI
10.3390/su10093118