Biomarkers of food intake and nutrient status are associated with glucose tolerance status and development of type 2 diabetes in older Swedish women
Journal article, 2017

Background: Diet is frequently associated with both the development and prevention of type 2 diabetes (T2D), but there is a lack of objective tools for assessing the relation between diet and T2D. Biomarkers of dietary intake are unconfounded by recall and reporting bias, and using multiple dietary biomarkers could help strengthen the link between a healthy diet and the prevention of T2D.Objective: The objective of this study was to explore how diet is related to glucose tolerance status (GTS) and to future development of T2D irrespective of common T2D and cardiovascular disease risk factors by using multiple dietary biomarkers.Design: Dietary biomarkers were measured in plasma from 64-y-old Swedish women with different GTS [normal glucose tolerance (NGT; n = 190), impaired glucose tolerance (IGT; n = 209), and diabetes (n = 230)]. The same subjects were followed up after 5 y to determine changes in glucose tolerance (n = 167 for NGT, n = 174 for IGT, and n = 159 for diabetes). ANCOVA and logistic regression were used to explore baseline data for associations between dietary biomarkers, GTS, and new T2D cases at follow-up (n = 69).Results: Of the 10 dietary biomarkers analyzed, β-alanine (beef) (P-raw < 0.001), alkylresorcinols C17 and C19 (whole-grain wheat and rye) (P-raw = 0.003 and 0.011), eicosapentaenoic acid (fish) (P-raw = 0.041), 3-carboxy-4-methyl-5-propyl-2-furanpropanoic acid (CMPF) (fish) (P-raw = 0.002), linoleic acid (P-raw < 0.001), oleic acid (P-raw = 0.003), and α-tocopherol (margarine and vegetable oil) (P-raw < 0.001) were associated with GTS, and CMPF (fish) (OR: 0.72; 95% CI: 0.56, 0.93; P-raw = 0.013) and α-tocopherol (OR: 0.71; 95% CI: 0.51, 0.98; P-raw = 0.041) were inversely associated with future T2D development.Conclusions: Several circulating dietary biomarkers were strongly associated with GTS after correction for known T2D risk factors, underlining the role of diet in the development and prevention of T2D. To our knowledge, this study is the first to use multiple dietary biomarkers to investigate the link between diet and disease risk.

diet

biomarkers

nutrition

metabolome

metabolomics

prediabetes

Author

Otto Savolainen

Chalmers, Biology and Biological Engineering, Food and Nutrition Science

Mads Vendelbo Lind

Chalmers, Biology and Biological Engineering, Food and Nutrition Science

Göran Bergström

University of Gothenburg

Björn Fagerberg

University of Gothenburg

Ann-Sofie Sandberg

Chalmers, Biology and Biological Engineering, Food and Nutrition Science

Alastair Ross

Chalmers, Biology and Biological Engineering, Food and Nutrition Science

American Journal of Clinical Nutrition

0002-9165 (ISSN) 19383207 (eISSN)

Vol. 106 5 1302-1310

Subject Categories

Endocrinology and Diabetes

Other Clinical Medicine

Nutrition and Dietetics

Infrastructure

Chalmers Infrastructure for Mass spectrometry

Roots

Basic sciences

Areas of Advance

Life Science Engineering (2010-2018)

DOI

10.3945/ajcn.117.152850

PubMed

28903960

More information

Latest update

1/10/2019